What are the ways to use the re module in python regular expressions? Introduction to the usage of re module

make. Match all characters including newlines

# Parse characters according to the Unicode character set. This flag affects \w, \W, \b, \B.

This flag makes writing regular expressions easier to understand by giving you a more flexible format.

The re.match method returns a matching object if the match is successful. You can use the group(num) or groups() matching object function to obtain the matching expression. group() or group(0), returns the matching result of the entire regular expression.

Example:

s= 'abc123abc'
print(re.match(&#39;[a-z]+&#39;, s))　　　　　　　　　　　# <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 3), match=&#39;abc&#39;>
print(re.match(&#39;[a-z]+&#39;, s).group(0))　　　　　　# abc
print(re.match(&#39;[\d]+&#39;, s))　　　　　　　　　　　　# None
print(re.match(&#39;[A-Z]+&#39;, s, re.I).group(0))　　 # abc
print(re.match(&#39;[a-z]+&#39;, s).span())　　　　　　　# (0, 3)

2, search

Instructions:

re.search scans the entire character The concatenation returns the first successful match.

Syntax:

re.search(pattern, string, flags=0)

The re.search method returns a matching object if the match is successful, otherwise it returns None. Match expressions can be obtained using the group(num) or groups() match object functions.

Example:

s = 'abc123abc'
print(re.search('[a-z]+', s).group())　　# abc
print(re.search('[a-z]+', s).span())　　 # (0, 3)
print(re.search('[\d]+', s).group())　　 # 123
print(re.search('[\d]+', s).span())　　  # (3, 6)
print(re.search('xyz', s))　　　　　　　　 # None

groupdict

groupdict Returns a dictionary of all matching named subgroups.

print(re.search('[a-z]+', s).groupdict())          # {}
print(re.search(&#39;(?P<letter>[a-z]+)(?P<num>\d+)&#39;, s).groupdict())  # {&#39;num&#39;: &#39;123&#39;, &#39;letter&#39;: &#39;abc&#39;}

3, sub and subn

Description:

re.sub is used to replace matching items in the string.

re.subn returns a tuple containing the replaced string and the number of replacements.

Syntax:

sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0)

repl: The string to be replaced can also be a function.

count: The maximum number of substitutions after pattern matching. The default value is 0, which means replacing all matches.

Example:

s = 'abc123abc'
print(re.sub('[\d]+', '数字', s))       # abc数字abc
print(re.sub('[a-z]+', '字母', s, 1))   # 字母123abc
# 将匹配的数字乘以 2
def double(matched):
    value = int(matched.group('value'))
    return str(value * 2)
# repl是一个函数
print(re.sub(&#39;(?P<value>\d+)&#39;, double, s))　　# abc246abc
print(re.subn(&#39;[\d]+&#39;, &#39;数字&#39;, s))　　　　　　  # (&#39;abc数字abc&#39;, 1)
print(re.subn(&#39;[a-z]+&#39;, &#39;字母&#39;, s,))　　　　　　# (&#39;字母123字母&#39;, 2)
print(re.subn(&#39;[a-z]+&#39;, &#39;字母&#39;, s, 1))　　　　 # (&#39;字母123字母&#39;, 1)

4, compile

Explanation:

re.compile is used for compilation Regular expression, generates a regular expression (Pattern) object for use by the two functions match() and search().

Grammar:

compile(pattern, flags=0)

Example:

s = 'abc123abc'
p = re.compile('[\d]+')
print(p.match(s, 4, 5).group(0))    # 2 从位置4开始匹配到位置5
print(p.search(s).group(0))         # 123

5, findall

Description:

re.findall searches for all substrings matched by the regular expression in the string and returns a list. If no match is found, an empty list is returned.

Syntax:

findall(pattern, string, flags=0)

Example:

s = 'abc123abc'
print(re.findall('[a-z]+', s))  # ['abc', 'abc']
print(re.findall('[h-n]+', s))  # []

6, finditer

Description:

finditer is similar to findall, it searches for all substrings matched by the regular expression in the string and returns them as an iterator.

Grammar:

finditer(pattern, string, flags=0)

Example:

s = 'abc123def'
it = re.finditer('[a-z]+', s)
for match in it:    print(match.group())

7、 split

Description: The

re.split method splits the string according to the matching substrings and returns a list.

Syntax:

split(pattern, string, maxsplit=0, flags=0)

maxsplit: number of separations, maxsplit=1 separates once, default is 0, no Limit the number of times.

Example:

print(re.split('a', '1A1a2A3', re.I))           # ['1A1', '2A3']# 输出结果并未能区分大小写，这是因为re.split(pattern，string，maxsplit, flags)默认是四个参数，当我们传入的三个参数的时候，系统会默认re.I是第三个参数，所以就没起作用。# 如果想让这里的re.I起作用，写成flags=re.I即可。
print(re.split('a', '1A1a2A3', flags=re.I))     # ['1', '1', '2', '3']

8, escape

Explanation:

re.escape for string The special strings inside are escaped.

Grammar:

escape(pattern)

Example:

print(re.escape('www.dxy.cn'))  # www\.dxy\.cn

9, regular expression

"(?P...)": Group and name it .

"(?P=name)": refers to the string matched by the group whose alias is .

10. Specialities in the definition of the antecedent (negation)

The common definition of the antecedent (?<=exp) and the negative definition of the antecedent (?

(?<=aaa) 　　# 正确
(?<=aaa|bbb) # 正确
(?<=aaa|bb)　# 错误
(?<=\d+) 　　# 错误
(?<=\d{3}) 　# 正确

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