This time I will show you how to declare JS variables var, let.const, and what are the things to note . Here are practical cases. Let’s take a look. .
var declarationThe scope of the variableRestricted to the context of its declaration position
var x = 0; // x是全局变量,并且赋值为0。 console.log(typeof z); // undefined,因为z还不存在。 function a() { // 当a被调用时, var y = 2; // y被声明成函数a作用域的变量,然后赋值成2。 console.log(x, y); // 0 2 function b() { // 当b被调用时, x = 3; // 全局变量x被赋值为3,不生成全局变量。 y = 4; // 已存在的外部函数的y变量被赋值为4,不生成新的全局变量。 z = 5; // 创建新的全局变量z,并且给z赋值为5。 } // (在严格模式下(strict mode)抛出ReferenceError) b(); // 调用b时创建了全局变量z。 console.log(x, y, z); // 3 4 5 } a(); // 调用a时同时调用了b。 console.log(x, z); // 3 5 console.log(typeof y); // undefined,因为y是a函数的本地(local)变量。
function varTest() { var x = 1; if (true) { var x = 2; // 同样的变量! console.log(x); // 2 } console.log(x); // 2 } function letTest() { let x = 1; if (true) { let x = 2; // 不同的变量 console.log(x); // 2 } console.log(x); // 1 }
Before the variable in the block is initialized, referencing it will cause a ReferenceError (the opposite is true when using var to declare a variable, the value of the variable is undefined)
When used in a block, let will change the scope of the variable Limited to this block. Note that the scope of var is within the function in which it is declared.
var a = 1; var b = 2; if (a === 1) { var a = 11; // the scope is global let b = 22; // the scope is inside the if-block console.log(a); // 11 console.log(b); // 22 } console.log(a); // 11 console.log(b); // 2
// 注意: 常量在声明的时候可以使用大小写,但通常情况下全部用大写字母。 // 定义常量MY_FAV并赋值7 const MY_FAV = 7; // 报错 MY_FAV = 20; // 输出 7 console.log("my favorite number is: " + MY_FAV); // 尝试重新声明会报错 const MY_FAV = 20; // MY_FAV 保留给上面的常量,这个操作会失败 var MY_FAV = 20; // 也会报错 let MY_FAV = 20; // 注意块范围的性质很重要 if (MY_FAV === 7) { // 没问题,并且创建了一个块作用域变量 MY_FAV // (works equally well with let to declare a block scoped non const variable) let MY_FAV = 20; // MY_FAV 现在为 20 console.log('my favorite number is ' + MY_FAV); // 这被提升到全局上下文并引发错误 var MY_FAV = 20; } // MY_FAV 依旧为7 console.log("my favorite number is " + MY_FAV); // 常量要求一个初始值 const FOO; // SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration // 常量可以定义成对象 const MY_OBJECT = {"key": "value"}; // 重写对象和上面一样会失败 MY_OBJECT = {"OTHER_KEY": "value"}; // 对象属性并不在保护的范围内,下面这个声明会成功执行 MY_OBJECT.key = "otherValue"; // 也可以用来定义数组 const MY_ARRAY = []; // It's possible to push items into the array // 可以向数组填充数据 MY_ARRAY.push('A'); // ["A"] // 但是,将一个新数组赋给变量会引发错误 MY_ARRAY = ['B']
The following introduces the three ways to declare variables in javascript: var, let, const.
var declares global variables. In other words, the variables declared infor loop can also be used when jumping out of the for loop.
for(var i=0;i<=1000;i++){ var sum=0; sum+=i; } alert(sum);
const PI=3.14;
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