Commonly used functions in PHP

墨辰丷
Release: 2023-03-25 20:12:02
Original
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本篇文章主要介绍PHP中的常用函数,感兴趣的朋友参考下,希望对大家有所帮助。

array_intersect()

比较两个数组的键值,并返回交集:

<?php
$a1=array("a"=>"red","b"=>"green","c"=>"blue","d"=>"yellow");
$a2=array("e"=>"red","f"=>"green","g"=>"blue");
$result=array_intersect($a1,$a2);
print_r($result);
?>
result:Array ( [a] => red [b] => green [c] => blue )
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array_keys() 函数

返回包含数组中所有键名的一个新数组。

<?php
$a=array("Volvo"=>"XC90","BMW"=>"X5","Toyota"=>"Highlander");
print_r(array_keys($a));
?>
result:Array ( [0] => Volvo [1] => BMW [2] => Toyota )
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array_key_exists() 函数

检查某个数组中是否存在指定的键名,如果键名存在则返回 true,如果键名不存在则返回 false。

<?php
    $a=array("Volvo"=>"XC90","BMW"=>"X5");    
    if (array_key_exists("Volvo",$a))
      {      echo "键存在!";
      }    else
      {      echo "键不存在!";
      }
?>
result:键存在!
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array_merge() 函数

把两个数组合并为一个数组:

<?php
$a1=array("red","green");
$a2=array("blue","yellow");
print_r(array_merge($a1,$a2));
?>
result:Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow )
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array_reverse()

以相反的元素顺序返回数组:

<?php
$a=array("a"=>"Volvo","b"=>"BMW","c"=>"Toyota");
print_r(array_reverse($a));
?>
result:Array ( [c] => Toyota [b] => BMW [a] => Volvo )
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array_unshift() 函数

用于向数组插入新元素。新数组的值将被插入到数组的开头。

<?php
$a=array("a"=>"red","b"=>"green");
array_unshift($a,"blue");
print_r($a);
?>
result:Array ( [0] => blue [a] => red [b] => green )
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array_values

返回一个包含给定数组中所有键值的数组,但不保留键名。

<?php
$a=array("Name"=>"Bill","Age"=>"60","Country"=>"USA");
print_r(array_values($a));
?>
result:Array ( [0] => Bill [1] => 60 [2] => USA )
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hash_equals

可防止时序攻击的字符串比较
比较两个字符串,无论它们是否相等,本函数的时间消耗是恒定的。
本函数可以用在需要防止时序攻击的字符串比较场景中, 例如,可以用在比较 crypt() 密码哈希值的场景。

bool hash_equals ( string $known_string , string $user_string )
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参数:
known_string
已知长度的、要参与比较的 string
user_string
用户提供的字符串

返回值:
当两个字符串相等时返回 TRUE,否则返回 FALSE。

<?php
$expected  = crypt(&#39;12345&#39;, &#39;$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$&#39;);
$correct   = crypt(&#39;12345&#39;, &#39;$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$&#39;);
$incorrect = crypt(&#39;apple&#39;,  &#39;$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$&#39;);
var_dump(hash_equals($expected, $correct));
var_dump(hash_equals($expected, $incorrect));
?>
result:
bool(true)
bool(false)
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in_array() 函数

搜索数组中是否存在指定的值。

<?php
$people = array("Bill", "Steve", "Mark", "David");
if (in_array("Mark", $people))
  {  echo "匹配已找到";
  }else
  {  echo "匹配未找到";
  }
?>
result:匹配已找到
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sprintf() 函数

把百分号(%)符号替换成一个作为参数进行传递的变量:

<?php
    $number = 2;    $str = "Shanghai";    
    $txt = sprintf("There are %u million cars in %s.",$number,$str);    
    echo $txt;
?>
    result:There are 2 million cars in Shanghai.
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str_ireplace()

替换字符串中的一些字符(不区分大小写) str_ireplace(find,replace,string,count)

<?php
echo str_ireplace("WORLD","Shanghai","Hello world!");
?>
result:Hello Shanghai!
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strpos

查找字符串在另一字符串中第一次出现的位置。

<?php
echo strpos("You love php, I love php too!","php");
?>
result:9
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str_replace()

以其他字符替换字符串中的一些字符(区分大小写)

<?php
echo str_replace("world","Shanghai","Hello world!");
?>
result:Hello Shanghai!
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str_ireplace()
替换字符串中的一些字符(不区分大小写)
str_ireplace(find,replace,string,count)

<?php
echo str_ireplace("WORLD","Shanghai","Hello world!");
?>
result:Hello Shanghai!
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substr

返回字符串的一部分。

<?php
echo substr("Hello world",6);
?>
result:world
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