Summary of the latest PHP classic interview questions in 2017-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

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1. The difference between double quotes and single quotes

Double quotes explain variables, single quotes do not Interpretation of variables
Insert single quotation marks inside the double quotation marks. If there is a variable within the single quotation marks, the variable explanation
follows the variable name of the double quotation marks. There must be a special character that is not a number, letter, or underscore, or it must be enclosed in a variable. Otherwise, the part after the variable name will be treated as a whole, causing a syntax error
##Double quotation marks Interpret escape characters. Single quotes do not interpret escape characters. However, interpreting '\ and \\
can make single quote characters use single quotes as much as possible. Single quotes are more efficient than double quotes. High (because double quotes must be traversed first to determine whether there are variables inside, and then operated, while single quotes do not need to be judged)

2. Commonly used super global variables (8 )

# to upload files
##$_SERVER ----->System environment variables

##$_SESSION ----->Session controlled

#$_COOKIE will be used when ----->It will be used when session control
3, POST in HTTP, The difference between GET, PUT, and DELETE methods

HTTP defines different methods for interacting with the server. The most basic ones are POST, GET, PUT, and DELETE. The full name of the indispensable URL is resource. We can understand the descriptor like this: URL describes a resource on the network, and post, get, put, and delegate are the operations of adding, deleting, modifying, and checking this resource!

3.1 The difference between get and post submission methods in the form

Get adds the parameter data queue to the URL pointed to by the action attribute of the submitted form. The value corresponds one-to-one with each field in the form, which can be seen from the URL; post uses the HTTPPOST mechanism to prevent each field and its content in the form from being transmitted together to the URL address pointed to by the action attribute in the HTML head, and the user cannot see it. To this process

For the get method, the server uses Request.QueryString to obtain the value of the variable. For the post method, the server uses Request.Form to obtain the submitted data
The amount of data transmitted by get is small, and the amount of data transmitted by post is larger. It is generally unrestricted by default. However, in theory, the maximum amount is 80kb in IIS4 and 1000k in IIS5. Get is very secure. Low, post security is high
3.2

The GET request will send a request for data to the database to obtain information. This request Just like the select operation of the database, it is only used to query data. It will not modify or add data, and will not affect the content of the resource, that is, the request will not have side effects. No matter how many times you perform the operation, the result is the same.

Different from GET, the PUT request sends data to the server to change the information. This request is just like the update operation of the database, used to modify the content of the data, but The type of data will not be increased, which means that no matter how many PUT operations are performed, the results will not be different.
POST request is similar to PUT request, both send data to the server, but this request will change the type of data and other resources, just like the insert operation of the database, it will create new Content. Almost all current submission operations are requested using POST.
DELETE request, as the name suggests, is used to delete a certain resource. This request is like the delete operation of the database.
4. Introduction to PHP

##Hypertext Preprocessor----Hypertext Preprocessor

Personal Home Page Original name

Target purpose:

Allows web developers to quickly write dynamically generated web pages. Compared with other pages, PHP embeds programs into HTML documents for execution, and is more efficient than Fully generated CGI for HTML editing is much higher

HTML: Hypertext Markup Language

Founder: Rasmus Lerdorf , born in 1968, University of Waterloo, Canada

Ledolf first wrote the maintenance program in prel language to maintain his personal web page, and then rewritten it in c, which eventually led to php/fi

Timeline:

1995.06.08 Public release of PHP/FI
1995 php2.0, adding support for MySQL
1997 php3.0
2000 php4.0
2008 php5.0
Since php6.0 does not fully solve Unicode encoding, there is basically no application on the production line. It is basically just a concept product. Many functions have been implemented on php5.3.3 and php5.3.4

Common IDE(Intergrated Development Environment): Integrated Development Environment

Coda (mac)
##PHPStrom
Adobe Dreamweaver
NetBeans

Common text editor with code highlighting :

NodePad
SublimeText

PHP Advantage

PHP features:

php uniquely mixes C, Java, Prel and PHP’s own syntax
can be compared CGI or Prel can execute dynamic web pages faster. Compared with other programming languages, PHP embeds programs into HTML documents for execution. The execution efficiency is much higher than CGI that completely generates HTML editing. All CGI can be implemented.
Supports almost all popular databases and operating systems
PHP can use C and C to extend the program

Advantages of PHP:

Open source
Free sex
Quickness
Strong cross-platform
High efficiency
Graphics processing
Object-oriented
Professional focus

PHP technology application:

Static page generation
Database cache
Process cache
p css w3c standard
Big load
Distributed
flex
Support MVC
Smarty module engine

PHP certification level

Junior IFE: Index Front Engineer Front-end Engineer
Intermediate IPE: Index PHP Engineer PHP Engineer
Advanced IAE: Index Architecture Engineer Architecture Engineer

6. The difference between echo, print_r, print, and var_dump

* echo、print是php语句，var_dump和print_r是函数
* echo 输出一个或多个字符串，中间以逗号隔开，没有返回值是语言结构而不是真正的函数，因此不能作为表达式的一部分使用
* print也是php的一个关键字，有返回值 只能打印出简单类型变量的值(如int，string)，如果字符串显示成功则返回true，否则返回false* print_r 可以打印出复杂类型变量的值(如数组、对象）以列表的形式显示，并以array、object开头，但print_r输出布尔值和NULL的结果没有意义，因为都是打印"\n"，因此var_dump()函数更适合调试
* var_dump() 判断一个变量的类型和长度，并输出变量的数值

Copy after login

7. HTTP status code

Click here to view HTTP Detailed explanation of status codes

Common HTTP status codes:

200 - Request successful
301 - The resource (web page, etc.) is permanently escaped to another URL
404 - The requested resource (web page, etc.) does not exist
505 - Internal Server Error

HTTP status code classification:

1** - Information, request received by the server, The requester is required to continue performing the operation
2** - Success, the operation was successfully received and processed
3** - Redirect, required Further action to complete the request
4** - Client error, the request contains a syntax error or the request cannot be completed
5** Server Error. An error occurred while the server was processing the request.

8. What are magic quotes?

Magic quotes are a symbol that will automatically convert the data entering the PHP script. In the process of definition, it is best not to escape when encoding but to escape as needed during runtime

9. How to obtain the client's IP (requires an int) and the code of the server's IP

Client:

$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]; or getenv('REMOTE_ADDR')ip2long for conversion Server: gethostbyname('www.baidu.com')

10. Use those tools for version control

cvs, svn, vss, git

11. How to optimize the database

MySQL database Eight ways to optimize (classic must-see) Click to get

Select the most applicable field attributes, reduce the width of the defined fields as much as possible, and try to set the fields to NOTNULL, such as 'province', 'gender' 'It is best to use ENUM
Use joins (JOIN) instead of subqueries
Use unions (UNION) instead of manually created temporary tables
Transaction processing
Lock table, optimize transaction processing
Apply foreign keys, optimize locking Table
Create index
Optimize query statement

12. Have you ever used a template engine? What is the name of the template engine used?

Smarty:Smarty is a very old PHP template engine. It was my initial choice for using templates in this language. Although it is updated less frequently and lacks some features of the new generation of template engines, it is still worth a look.

13. For high-traffic websites, what methods should be used to solve the traffic problem

Confirm whether the server hardware can support the current traffic
Separate reading and writing of database, optimize data tables
Program function rules, prohibit external hot links
Control large files download
Use different hosts to divert main traffic

14. What is the difference between the include and require statements? To avoid including the same file multiple times, you can use (?) statements to replace them

require is an unconditional inclusion, that is, if require is added to a process, it will be executed first regardless of whether the condition is true or not. require, when the file does not exist or cannot be opened, an error will be prompted and the program execution will be terminated
include has a return value, but require does not (maybe because require is faster than include Fast), if the included file does not exist, an error will be prompted, but the program will continue to execute.

Note: When the included file does not exist or the syntax is wrong, require is Fatal, and include is not

require_once means it is included only once, avoiding repeated inclusion

15. Talk about the understanding of mvc

The application is completed by the model, view, and controller. The model sends the functions to be implemented to the controller, and the controller receives the organizational functions and passes them to the view

16. Explain the value and transfer in PHP The difference between references and explain when to pass by value and when to pass by reference?

Variables are always assigned by value by default, that is to say, when the value of an expression is assigned to a variable, the value of the entire expression is assigned to the target variable, which means: When When one variable is assigned to another variable, changing the value of one variable will not affect the other variable

php also provides another way to assign values to variables: reference assignment. This means that the new variable simply __references__ (in other words, becomes an alias or pointer to) the original variable. Changes to new variables will affect the original variables and vice versa. Use reference assignment, simply add an & symbol before the variable to be assigned (source variable)

The object defaults to pass-by-reference. For larger data, it is better to pass by reference, which can save memory overhead.

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