Three.js uses vertices to draw cubes-JS Tutorial-php.cn

This article mainly introduces you to the method of using vertices to draw a cube in Three.js. The article introduces it in great detail through sample code. Friends who need it can refer to it. Let’s take a look together. Hope it helps everyone.

Preface

Before, when we were learning some basics of WebGL, we were studying vertex positions, normal vectors, drawing subscripts and so on every day. Although it is complicated, it is native after all, and its performance is not to mention.

Three.js also provides us with relevant interfaces for us to use native methods to draw models. I won’t say much below, let’s take a look at the detailed introduction.

The following is a personal case of mine.

First, I created a blank shape:

  //立方体
  var cubeGeometry = new THREE.Geometry();

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The shape of the cube is as follows:

  // 创建一个立方体
  // v6----- v5
  // /|  /|
  // v1------v0|
  // | |  | |
  // | |v7---|-|v4
  // |/  |/
  // v2------v3

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Then I added the vertices of the cube, a total of 8

  //创建立方体的顶点
  var vertices = [
   new THREE.Vector3(10, 10, 10), //v0
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, 10, 10), //v1
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, -10, 10), //v2
   new THREE.Vector3(10, -10, 10), //v3
   new THREE.Vector3(10, -10, -10), //v4
   new THREE.Vector3(10, 10, -10), //v5
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, 10, -10), //v6
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, -10, -10) //v7
  ];

  cubeGeometry.vertices = vertices;

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Then the face of the cube is generated through the coordinates of the vertices

  //创建立方的面
  var faces=[
   new THREE.Face3(0,1,2),
   new THREE.Face3(0,2,3),
   new THREE.Face3(0,3,4),
   new THREE.Face3(0,4,5),
   new THREE.Face3(1,6,7),
   new THREE.Face3(1,7,2),
   new THREE.Face3(6,5,4),
   new THREE.Face3(6,4,7),
   new THREE.Face3(5,6,1),
   new THREE.Face3(5,1,0),
   new THREE.Face3(3,2,7),
   new THREE.Face3(3,7,4)
  ];

  cubeGeometry.faces = faces;

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Need to pay attention here:

(1) The face is a triangular face composed of three vertices, which is also WebGL way of realizing it. If you need a rectangle, it needs to be made from two triangles.

(2) If the surface to be drawn is facing the camera, then the writing method of the vertices of this surface is drawn counterclockwise, such as the writing in the addition of the first surface of the model in the picture. It's (0,1,2).

(3) If you can make the model have lighting effects, you also need to set the normal vector and let three.js automatically generate it. As follows

  //生成法向量
  cubeGeometry.computeFaceNormals();

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The current steps are just for generating After the shape has been determined, you need to set a texture as before, and then generate the mesh through the THTEE.Mesh() method

  var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x00ffff});

  cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);

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In this way, the drawing of a cube is realized:

The entire code is as follows:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
 <style type="text/css">
  html, body {
   margin: 0;
   height: 100%;
  }

  canvas {
   display: block;
  }

 </style>
</head>
<body onload="draw();">

</body>
<script src="build/three.js"></script>
<script src="examples/js/controls/OrbitControls.js"></script>
<script src="examples/js/libs/stats.min.js"></script>
<script src="examples/js/libs/dat.gui.min.js"></script>
<script>
 var renderer;
 function initRender() {
  renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias: true});
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
  //告诉渲染器需要阴影效果
  renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
  renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap; // 默认的是，没有设置的这个清晰 THREE.PCFShadowMap
  document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
 }

 var camera;
 function initCamera() {
  camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
  camera.position.set(0, 40, 100);
  camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0));
 }

 var scene;
 function initScene() {
  scene = new THREE.Scene();
 }

 //初始化dat.GUI简化试验流程
 var gui;
 function initGui() {
  //声明一个保存需求修改的相关数据的对象
  gui = {
   lightY: 30, //灯光y轴的位置
   cubeX: 25, //立方体的x轴位置
   cubeY: 10, //立方体的x轴位置
   cubeZ: -5 //立方体的z轴的位置
  };
  var datGui = new dat.GUI();
  //将设置属性添加到gui当中，gui.add(对象，属性，最小值，最大值）
  datGui.add(gui, "lightY", 0, 100);
  datGui.add(gui, "cubeX", -30, 30);
  datGui.add(gui, "cubeY", -30, 30);
  datGui.add(gui, "cubeZ", -30, 30);
 }

 var light;
 function initLight() {
  scene.add(new THREE.AmbientLight(0x444444));

  light = new THREE.PointLight(0xffffff);
  light.position.set(15, 30, 10);

  //告诉平行光需要开启阴影投射
  light.castShadow = true;

  scene.add(light);
 }

 var cube;
 function initModel() {

  //辅助工具
  var helper = new THREE.AxisHelper(10);
  scene.add(helper);

  // 创建一个立方体
  // v6----- v5
  // /|  /|
  // v1------v0|
  // | |  | |
  // | |v7---|-|v4
  // |/  |/
  // v2------v3

  //立方体
  var cubeGeometry = new THREE.Geometry();

  //创建立方体的顶点
  var vertices = [
   new THREE.Vector3(10, 10, 10), //v0
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, 10, 10), //v1
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, -10, 10), //v2
   new THREE.Vector3(10, -10, 10), //v3
   new THREE.Vector3(10, -10, -10), //v4
   new THREE.Vector3(10, 10, -10), //v5
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, 10, -10), //v6
   new THREE.Vector3(-10, -10, -10) //v7
  ];

  cubeGeometry.vertices = vertices;

  //创建立方的面
  var faces=[
   new THREE.Face3(0,1,2),
   new THREE.Face3(0,2,3),
   new THREE.Face3(0,3,4),
   new THREE.Face3(0,4,5),
   new THREE.Face3(1,6,7),
   new THREE.Face3(1,7,2),
   new THREE.Face3(6,5,4),
   new THREE.Face3(6,4,7),
   new THREE.Face3(5,6,1),
   new THREE.Face3(5,1,0),
   new THREE.Face3(3,2,7),
   new THREE.Face3(3,7,4)
  ];

  cubeGeometry.faces = faces;

  //生成法向量
  cubeGeometry.computeFaceNormals();

  var cubeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0x00ffff});

  cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, cubeMaterial);
  cube.position.x = 25;
  cube.position.y = 5;
  cube.position.z = -5;

  //告诉立方体需要投射阴影
  cube.castShadow = true;

  scene.add(cube);

  //底部平面
  var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(100, 100);
  var planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({color: 0xaaaaaa});

  var plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);
  plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;
  plane.position.y = -0;

  //告诉底部平面需要接收阴影
  plane.receiveShadow = true;

  scene.add(plane);

 }

 //初始化性能插件
 var stats;
 function initStats() {
  stats = new Stats();
  document.body.appendChild(stats.dom);
 }

 //用户交互插件 鼠标左键按住旋转，右键按住平移，滚轮缩放
 var controls;
 function initControls() {

  controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);

  // 如果使用animate方法时，将此函数删除
  //controls.addEventListener( 'change', render );
  // 使动画循环使用时阻尼或自转 意思是否有惯性
  controls.enableDamping = true;
  //动态阻尼系数 就是鼠标拖拽旋转灵敏度
  //controls.dampingFactor = 0.25;
  //是否可以缩放
  controls.enableZoom = true;
  //是否自动旋转
  controls.autoRotate = false;
  //设置相机距离原点的最远距离
  controls.minDistance = 50;
  //设置相机距离原点的最远距离
  controls.maxDistance = 200;
  //是否开启右键拖拽
  controls.enablePan = true;
 }

 function render() {
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
 }

 //窗口变动触发的函数
 function onWindowResize() {

  camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
  camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
  render();
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

 }

 function animate() {
  //更新控制器
  render();

  //更新性能插件
  stats.update();

  //更新相关位置
  light.position.y = gui.lightY;
  cube.position.x = gui.cubeX;
  cube.position.y = gui.cubeY;
  cube.position.z = gui.cubeZ;

  controls.update();

  requestAnimationFrame(animate);
 }

 function draw() {
  initGui();
  initRender();
  initScene();
  initCamera();
  initLight();
  initModel();
  initControls();
  initStats();

  animate();
  window.onresize = onWindowResize;
 }
</script>
</html>

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