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Detailed explanation of JavaScript function recursion, callbacks, closures and scope usage examples

伊谢尔伦
Release: 2017-07-25 10:54:24
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Recursive call (arguments.callee)
Recursive call is to call yourself. Calls are divided into: direct calls and indirect calls. The following shows the use of recursive calls to calculate the Fibonacci sequence of specified values.

// 求i的阶乘
function factorial(i){
    if(i < 2){
        return 1;
    }
    return i*factorial(i-1); // 递归调用
}
alert(factorial(5)); // 求5的阶乘
// 以上方式存在一个问题?如下:
var factorial = function(i){
    if(i < 2){
        return 1;
    }
    return i*factorial(i-1); // factorial还能被调用吗?不能
}
var test = factorial; 
factorial = null;  
alert(test(2));
// 解决方案:
var factorial = function(i){
    if(i < 2){
        return 1;
    }
    return i*arguments.callee(i-1); // arguments.callee返回正被执行的 Function 对象,也就是所指定的 Function 对象的正文
}
var test = factorial;
factorial = null;
alert(test(5));
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Scope

// 在程序中,作用域控制着变量的可见性和生命周期。
var name = "default"; // 全局作用域
function getName(){
    var name = "getName"; // getName作用域下
    for(var i=0; i<2; i++){
        var inName = "inName";
    }
alert(i + "," + inName); // 2,inName 注意:在js中没有块级作用域,及if、for、while中声明的变量是放在块所在的作用域下
    return name;
}
alert(getName()); // getName 注意:js存在函数作用域,所以在函数内部定义的变量在外部是不可见的
alert(name); // default
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Note: In many modern languages, it is recommended to delay declaration of variables as much as possible. Such as: java, but in js, this is not recommended because js does not support block-level scope. It is recommended to declare all variables used at the beginning of the function.

Closure
The context in which a function can access the environment when it is created is called a closure. The benefit of scope is that the inner function can access all variables of the outer function (except this and arguments).

var myObject = {
    value   : 0,
    increment : function(inc){
        this.value = typeof inc === &#39;number&#39; ? inc : 1;
    },
    getValue  : function(){
        return this.value;
    }
};
myObject.increment(10);
alert(myObject.value);
alert(myObject.getValue());
// 上面使用字面常量方式定义了一个myObject对象。但是value变量可以被外部对象访问
var myObject = function(){
    var value = 0;
    return {
        increment: function(inc){
            value += typeof inc === &#39;number&#39; ? inc : 1;
        },
        getValue : function(){
            return value;
        }
    };
}();
myObject.increment(10);
alert(myObject.value); // 不能被外部对象访问
alert(myObject.getValue()); // 10
// 渐变body的背景色(黄色到白色)
var fade = function(node){
    var level = 1;
    var step = function(){
        var hex = level.toString(16);
        node.style.backgroundColor = &#39;#FFFF&#39; + hex + hex;
        if(level < 15){
            level += 1;
            setTimeout(step, 500); // 如果level小于15,则内部函数自我调用
        }
    };
    setTimeout(step, 1); // 调用内部函数
};
fade(document.body);
// 下面是一个很糟糕的例子
<a href="#" name="test">点击我...</a><br> // 点击时显示3
<a href="#" name="test">点击我...</a><br> // 点击时显示3
<a href="#" name="test">点击我...</a><br> // 点击时显示3
var add_the_handlers = function(nodes){
    var i;
    for(i = 0; i < nodes.length; i += 1) {
        nodes[i].onclick = function(e){ // 函数构造时的:i
            alert(i);
        };
    }
};
var objs = document.getElementsByName("test");
add_the_handlers(objs);
// 造成上面的原因是:a标签的事件函数绑定了变量i,则不是函数在构造时的i值。
// 解决方案如下:
var add_the_handlers = function(nodes){
    var i;
    for(i = 0; i < nodes.length; i += 1) {
        nodes[i].onclick = function(i){
            return function(e){
                alert(i); // 输出的i是构造函数传递进来的i,不是事件处理绑定的i。
            };
        }(i);
    }
};
var objs = document.getElementsByName("test");
add_the_handlers(objs);
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Callbacks

// data表示参数,而call_function则表示回调函数
function sendRequest(data, call_function){
    // setTimeout来模仿客户端请求服务端中传输数据的时间。
    // 当3秒钟后就调用回调函数(有客户端实现回调函数)
    setTimeout(function(){
        call_function(data); // 调用回调函数
    }, 3000);
}
// 测试sendRequest函数
sendRequest("参数", function(context){
    alert("context=" + context);
});
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