Home > Backend Development > Python Tutorial > python regular expression operation--re module

python regular expression operation--re module

PHP中文网
Release: 2017-06-20 16:54:09
Original
1550 people have browsed it

re模块

序言:

re模块用于对python的正则表达式的操作

'.'     默认匹配除\n之外的任意一个字符,若指定flag DOTALL,则匹配任意字符,包括换行
'^'     匹配字符开头,若指定flags MULTILINE,这种也可以匹配上(r"^a","\nabc\neee",flags=re.MULTILINE)
'$'     匹配字符结尾,或e.search("foo$","bfoo\nsdfsf",flags=re.MULTILINE).group()也可以
'*'     匹配*号前的字符0次或多次,re.findall("ab*","cabb3abcbbac")  结果为['abb', 'ab', 'a']
'+'     匹配前一个字符1次或多次,re.findall("ab+","ab+cd+abb+bba") 结果['ab', 'abb']
'?'     匹配前一个字符1次或0次
'{m}'   匹配前一个字符m次
'{n,m}' 匹配前一个字符n到m次,re.findall("ab{1,3}","abb abc abbcbbb") 结果'abb', 'ab', 'abb']
'|'     匹配|左或|右的字符,re.search("abc|ABC","ABCBabcCD").group() 结果'ABC'
'(...)' 分组匹配,re.search("(abc){2}a(123|456)c", "abcabca456c").group() 结果 abcabca456c
'[a-z]' 匹配a到z任意一个字符
'[^()]' 匹配除()以外的任意一个字符
 
r' '    转义引号里的字符 针对\字符  详情查看⑦
'\A'    只从字符开头匹配,re.search("\Aabc","alexabc") 是匹配不到的
'\Z'    匹配字符结尾,同$
'\d'    匹配数字0-9
'\D'    匹配非数字
'\w'    匹配[A-Za-z0-9]
'\W'    匹配非[A-Za-z0-9]
'\s'    匹配空白字符、\t、\n、\r , re.search("\s+","ab\tc1\n3").group() 结果 '\t'
   
&#39;(?P<name>...)&#39; 分组匹配 re.search("(?P<province>[0-9]{4})(?P<city>[0-9]{2})(?P<birthday>[0-9]{4})","371481199306143242").groupdict("city")
结果{&#39;province&#39;: &#39;3714&#39;, &#39;city&#39;: &#39;81&#39;, &#39;birthday&#39;: &#39;1993&#39;}
re.IGNORECASE  忽略大小写 re.search(&#39;(\A|\s)red(\s+|$)&#39;,i,re.IGNORECASE)
Copy after login

标志位即模式修正符,不改变正则表达式的情况下,通过模式修正符改变正则表达式的含义,从而实现一些匹配结果的调整等功能: 

# flags
I = IGNORECASE = sre_compile.SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE # ignore case  匹配时忽略大小写
L = LOCALE = sre_compile.SRE_FLAG_LOCALE # assume current 8-bit locale   做本地化识别匹配
U = UNICODE = sre_compile.SRE_FLAG_UNICODE # assume unicode locale       根据Unicode字符及解析字符
M = MULTILINE = sre_compile.SRE_FLAG_MULTILINE # make anchors look for newline   多行匹配
S = DOTALL = sre_compile.SRE_FLAG_DOTALL # make dot match newline      让.匹配包括换行符,即用了该模式修正后,"."匹配就可以匹配任意的字符了
X = VERBOSE = sre_compile.SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE # ignore whitespace and comments
Copy after login

贪婪模式、懒惰模式:

import re

result1 =  re.search("p.*y","abcdfphp435pythony_py")   # 贪婪模式
print(result1)
# <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(5, 21), match=&#39;php435pythony_py&#39;>

result2 =  re.search("p.*?y","abcdfphp435pythony_py")   # 懒惰模式
print(result2)
# <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(5, 13), match=&#39;php435py&#39;>
Copy after login

  

match:

从起始位置开始根据模型去字符串中匹配指定内容:

#match
import re                               

obj = re.match(&#39;\d+&#39;, &#39;123uua123sf&#39;)       #从第一个字符开始匹配一个到多个数字
print(obj)                                
#<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 3), match=&#39;123&#39;>

if obj:                                   #如果有匹配到字符则执行,为空不执行
    print(obj.group())                    #打印匹配到的内容
#123
Copy after login

匹配ip地址:

import re

ip = &#39;255.255.255.253&#39;
result=re.match(r&#39;^([1-9]?\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([1-9]?\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.&#39;
                r&#39;([1-9]?\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.([1-9]?\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$&#39;,ip)
print(result)
# <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 15), match=&#39;255.255.255.253&#39;>
Copy after login

search:

根据模型去字符串中匹配指定内容(不一定是最开始位置),匹配最前

#search
import  re
obj = re.search(&#39;\d+&#39;, &#39;a123uu234asf&#39;)     #从数字开始匹配一个到多个数字
print(obj)
#<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(1, 4), match=&#39;123&#39;>

if obj:                                   #如果有匹配到字符则执行,为空不执行
    print(obj.group())                    #打印匹配到的内容
#123


import  re
obj = re.search(&#39;\([^()]+\)&#39;, &#39;sdds(a1fwewe2(3uusfdsf2)34as)f&#39;)     #匹配最里面()的内容
print(obj)
#<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(13, 24), match=&#39;(3uusfdsf2)&#39;>

if obj:                                   #如果有匹配到字符则执行,为空不执行
    print(obj.group())                    #打印匹配到的内容
#(3uusfdsf2)
Copy after login

group与groups的区别:

#group与groups的区别
import  re
a = "123abc456"
b = re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)", a)
print(b)
#<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 9), match=&#39;123abc456&#39;>
print(b.group())
#123abc456
print(b.group(0))
#123abc456
print(b.group(1))
#123
print(b.group(2))
#abc
print(b.group(3))
#456
print(b.groups())
#(&#39;123&#39;, &#39;abc&#39;, &#39;456&#39;)
Copy after login

findall:

上述两中方式均用于匹配单值,即:只能匹配字符串中的一个,如果想要匹配到字符串中所有符合条件的元素,则需要使用 findall;findall没有group用法

#findall
import  re
obj = re.findall(&#39;\d+&#39;, &#39;a123uu234asf&#39;)     #匹配多个

if obj:                                   #如果有匹配到字符则执行,为空不执行
    print(obj)                             #生成的内容为列表
#[&#39;123&#39;, &#39;234&#39;]
Copy after login

sub:

用于替换匹配的字符串(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0)

#sub
import  re

content = "123abc456"
new_content = re.sub(&#39;\d+&#39;, &#39;ABC&#39;, content)
print(new_content)
#ABCabcABC
Copy after login

split:

根据指定匹配进行分组(pattern, string, maxsplit=0, flags=0)

#split
import  re

content = "1 - 2 * ((60-30+1*(9-2*5/3+7/3*99/4*2998+10*568/14))-(-4*3)/(16-3*2) )"
new_content = re.split(&#39;\*&#39;, content)       #用*进行分割,分割为列表
print(new_content)
#[&#39;1 - 2 &#39;, &#39; ((60-30+1&#39;, &#39;(9-2&#39;, &#39;5/3+7/3&#39;, &#39;99/4&#39;, &#39;2998+10&#39;, &#39;568/14))-(-4&#39;, &#39;3)/(16-3&#39;, &#39;2) )&#39;]

content = "&#39;1 - 2 * ((60-30+1*(9-2*5/3+7/3*99/4*2998+10*568/14))-(-4*3)/(16-3*2) )&#39;"
new_content = re.split(&#39;[\+\-\*\/]+&#39;, content)
# new_content = re.split(&#39;\*&#39;, content, 1)
print(new_content)
#["&#39;1 ", &#39; 2 &#39;, &#39; ((60&#39;, &#39;30&#39;, &#39;1&#39;, &#39;(9&#39;, &#39;2&#39;, &#39;5&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;7&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, &#39;99&#39;, &#39;4&#39;, &#39;2998&#39;, &#39;10&#39;, &#39;568&#39;, &#39;14))&#39;,
#  &#39;(&#39;, &#39;4&#39;, &#39;3)&#39;, &#39;(16&#39;, &#39;3&#39;, "2) )&#39;"]

inpp = &#39;1-2*((60-30 +(-40-5)*(9-2*5/3 + 7 /3*99/4*2998 +10 * 568/14 )) - (-4*3)/ (16-3*2))&#39;
inpp = re.sub(&#39;\s*&#39;,&#39;&#39;,inpp)                #把空白字符去掉
print(inpp)
new_content = re.split(&#39;\(([\+\-\*\/]?\d+[\+\-\*\/]?\d+){1}\)&#39;, inpp, 1)
print(new_content)
#[&#39;1-2*((60-30+&#39;, &#39;-40-5&#39;, &#39;*(9-2*5/3+7/3*99/4*2998+10*568/14))-(-4*3)/(16-3*2))&#39;]
Copy after login

补充r' ' 转义:

fdfdsfds\fds
sfdsfds& @$
Copy after login
lzl.py

首先要清楚,程序读取文件里的\字符时,添加到列表里面的是\\

import re,sys
li = []
with open(&#39;lzl.txt&#39;,&#39;r&#39;,encoding="utf-8") as file:
    for line in file:
        li.append(line)
print(li)                   # 注意:文件中的单斜杠,读出来后会变成双斜杠
# [&#39;fdfdsfds\\fds\n&#39;, &#39;sfdsfds& @$&#39;]
print(li[0])                # print打印的时候还是单斜杠
# fdfdsfds\fds
Copy after login

r字符的意义,对字符\进行转义\只做为字符出现:

import re,sys
li = []
with open(&#39;lzl.txt&#39;,&#39;r&#39;,encoding="utf-8") as file:
    for line in file:
        print(re.findall(r&#39;s\\f&#39;, line))  #第一种方式匹配
        # print(re.findall(&#39;\\\\&#39;, line))  #第二种方式匹配
        li.append(line)
print(li)                   # 注意:文件中的单斜杠,读出来后会变成双斜杠
# [&#39;s\\f&#39;]
# []
# [&#39;fdfdsfds\\fds\n&#39;, &#39;sfdsfds& @$&#39;]
Copy after login

补充:看完下面的代码你可能更懵了

import re
re.findall(r&#39;\\&#39;, line)  # 正则中只能这样写 不能写成 r&#39;\&#39; 这样
print(r&#39;\\&#39;)            # 只能这样写 不能写成r&#39;\&#39; \只能是双数
# \\        结果
# 如果想值打印单个\ 写成如下
print(&#39;\\&#39;)             # 只能是双数
# \         结果
Copy after login

总结:文件中的单斜杠\,读出到程序中时是双斜杠\\,print打印出来是单斜杠\;正则匹配文件但斜杠\时,用r'\\'双斜杠去匹配,或者不用r直接用'\\\\'四个斜杠去匹配

compile函数:

说明:

Python通过re模块提供对正则表达式的支持。使用re的一般步骤是先使用re.compile()函数,将正则表达式的字符串形式编译为Pattern实例,
然后使用Pattern实例处理文本并获得匹配结果(一个Match实例),最后使用Match实例获得信息,进行其他的操作
Copy after login

举一个简单的例子,在寻找一个字符串中所有的英文字符:

import re
pattern = re.compile(&#39;[a-zA-Z]&#39;)
result = pattern.findall(&#39;as3SiOPdj#@23awe&#39;)
print(result)
# [&#39;a&#39;, &#39;s&#39;, &#39;S&#39;, &#39;i&#39;, &#39;O&#39;, &#39;P&#39;, &#39;d&#39;, &#39;j&#39;, &#39;a&#39;, &#39;w&#39;, &#39;e&#39;]
Copy after login

匹配IP地址(255.255.255.255):  

import re

pattern = re.compile(r&#39;^(([1-9]?\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}([1-9]?\d|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$&#39;)
result = pattern.match(&#39;255.255.255.255&#39;)
print(result)
# <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 15), match=&#39;255.255.255.255&#39;>
Copy after login

 

The above is the detailed content of python regular expression operation--re module. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Related labels:
source:php.cn
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Latest Articles by Author
Popular Tutorials
More>
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template