This article mainly introduces a summary of the three methods of javascript to achieve two-way binding of data. The front-end View layer and data layer sometimes need to implement two-way binding. Currently, data is implemented There are three main types of two-way binding. Those who are interested can learn about them.
Two-way binding method of front-end data
The view layer and data layer of the front-end sometimes need to implement two-way binding (two-way-binding), for example mvvm framework, data-driven view, view state machine, etc., we have studied several current mainstream two-way data binding frameworks and summarized them. Currently, there are three main ways to implement two-way data binding:
1. Manual binding
The older implementation method is a bit like the observerProgramming mode. The main idea is to Define get and set methods (of course there are other methods) on the data object . When calling, manually call get or set data, and then start the rendering operation of the UI layer after changing the data; it is mainly used in scenarios where view drives data changes. With input, select, textarea and other elements, when the UI layer changes, events such as change, keypress, keyup and other events of the dom are monitored to trigger events to change the data of the data layer. The entire process is completed through function calls.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>data-binding-method-set</title>
</head>
<body>
<input q-value="value" type="text" id="input">
<p q-text="value" id="el"></p>
<script>
var elems = [document.getElementById('el'), document.getElementById('input')];
var data = {
value: 'hello!'
};
var command = {
text: function(str){
this.innerHTML = str;
},
value: function(str){
this.setAttribute('value', str);
}
};
var scan = function(){
/**
* 扫描带指令的节点属性
*/
for(var i = 0, len = elems.length; i < len; i++){
var elem = elems[i];
elem.command = [];
for(var j = 0, len1 = elem.attributes.length; j < len1; j++){
var attr = elem.attributes[j];
if(attr.nodeName.indexOf('q-') >= 0){
/**
* 调用属性指令，这里可以使用数据改变检测
*/
command[attr.nodeName.slice(2)].call(elem, data[attr.nodeValue]);
elem.command.push(attr.nodeName.slice(2));
}
}
}
}
/**
* 设置数据后扫描
*/
function mvSet(key, value){
data[key] = value;
scan();
}
/**
* 数据绑定监听
*/
elems[1].addEventListener('keyup', function(e){
mvSet('value', e.target.value);
}, false);
scan();
/**
* 改变数据更新视图
*/
setTimeout(function(){
mvSet('value', 'fuck');
},1000)
</script>
</body>
</html>2. Dirty checking mechanism
Represented by the typical mvvm frameworkangularjs, angular performs UI by checking dirty data The layer's operations are updated. There are a few things you need to know about Angular's dirty detection: - The dirty detection mechanism does not use scheduled detection. - The timing of dirty detection is when the data changes. - Angular encapsulates commonly used DOM events, XHR events, etc., and triggers the digest process to enter Angular. - In the digest process, it will traverse from the rootscope and check all watchers. (For the specific design of angular, you can see other documents, here we only discuss data binding), then let’s look at how to do dirty detection: mainly through the set data to find all elements related to the data, and then compare The data changes. If it changes, perform the command operation
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>data-binding-drity-check</title>
</head>
<body>
<input q-event="value" ng-bind="value" type="text" id="input">
<p q-event="text" ng-bind="value" id="el"></p>
<script>
var elems = [document.getElementById('el'), document.getElementById('input')];
var data = {
value: 'hello!'
};
var command = {
text: function(str) {
this.innerHTML = str;
},
value: function(str) {
this.setAttribute('value', str);
}
};
var scan = function(elems) {
/**
* 扫描带指令的节点属性
*/
for (var i = 0, len = elems.length; i < len; i++) {
var elem = elems[i];
elem.command = {};
for (var j = 0, len1 = elem.attributes.length; j < len1; j++) {
var attr = elem.attributes[j];
if (attr.nodeName.indexOf('q-event') >= 0) {
/**
* 调用属性指令
*/
var dataKey = elem.getAttribute('ng-bind') || undefined;
/**
* 进行数据初始化
*/
command[attr.nodeValue].call(elem, data[dataKey]);
elem.command[attr.nodeValue] = data[dataKey];
}
}
}
}
/**
* 脏循环检测
* @param {[type]} elems [description]
* @return {[type]} [description]
*/
var digest = function(elems) {
/**
* 扫描带指令的节点属性
*/
for (var i = 0, len = elems.length; i < len; i++) {
var elem = elems[i];
for (var j = 0, len1 = elem.attributes.length; j < len1; j++) {
var attr = elem.attributes[j];
if (attr.nodeName.indexOf('q-event') >= 0) {
/**
* 调用属性指令
*/
var dataKey = elem.getAttribute('ng-bind') || undefined;
/**
* 进行脏数据检测，如果数据改变，则重新执行指令，否则跳过
*/
if(elem.command[attr.nodeValue] !== data[dataKey]){
command[attr.nodeValue].call(elem, data[dataKey]);
elem.command[attr.nodeValue] = data[dataKey];
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
scan(elems);
/**
* 可以理解为做数据劫持监听
*/
function $digest(value){
var list = document.querySelectorAll('[ng-bind='+ value + ']');
digest(list);
}
/**
* 输入框数据绑定监听
*/
if(document.addEventListener){
elems[1].addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
data.value = e.target.value;
$digest(e.target.getAttribute('ng-bind'));
}, false);
}else{
elems[1].attachEvent('onkeyup', function(e) {
data.value = e.target.value;
$digest(e.target.getAttribute('ng-bind'));
}, false);
}
setTimeout(function() {
data.value = 'fuck';
/**
* 这里问啥还要执行$digest这里关键的是需要手动调用$digest方法来启动脏检测
*/
$digest('value');
}, 2000)
</script>
</body>
</html>3. Front-end data hijacking(Hijacking)
The third method is used by frameworks such as avalon Data hijacking methods. The basic idea is to use Object.defineProperty to monitor the property get and set of the data object. When there is data reading and assignment operations, the node instructions are called. In this way, the most common = equal sign assignment is enough. The specific implementation is as follows:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>data-binding-hijacking</title>
</head>
<body>
<input q-value="value" type="text" id="input">
<p q-text="value" id="el"></p>
<script>
var elems = [document.getElementById('el'), document.getElementById('input')];
var data = {
value: 'hello!'
};
var command = {
text: function(str) {
this.innerHTML = str;
},
value: function(str) {
this.setAttribute('value', str);
}
};
var scan = function() {
/**
* 扫描带指令的节点属性
*/
for (var i = 0, len = elems.length; i < len; i++) {
var elem = elems[i];
elem.command = [];
for (var j = 0, len1 = elem.attributes.length; j < len1; j++) {
var attr = elem.attributes[j];
if (attr.nodeName.indexOf('q-') >= 0) {
/**
* 调用属性指令
*/
command[attr.nodeName.slice(2)].call(elem, data[attr.nodeValue]);
elem.command.push(attr.nodeName.slice(2));
}
}
}
}
var bValue;
/**
* 定义属性设置劫持
*/
var defineGetAndSet = function(obj, propName) {
try {
Object.defineProperty(obj, propName, {
get: function() {
return bValue;
},
set: function(newValue) {
bValue = newValue;
scan();
},
enumerable: true,
configurable: true
});
} catch (error) {
console.log("browser not supported.");
}
}
/**
* 初始化数据
*/
scan();
/**
* 可以理解为做数据劫持监听
*/
defineGetAndSet(data, 'value');
/**
* 数据绑定监听
*/
if(document.addEventListener){
elems[1].addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
data.value = e.target.value;
}, false);
}else{
elems[1].attachEvent('onkeyup', function(e) {
data.value = e.target.value;
}, false);
}
setTimeout(function() {
data.value = 'fuck';
}, 2000)
</script>
</body>
</html>But it is worth noting that defineProperty supports browsers above IE8. Here you can use defineGetter and defineSetter for compatibility. However, due to browser compatibility, just use defineProperty directly. As for the IE8 browser, other methods still need to be used to hack. The following code can hack IE8, and defineProperty supports IE8. For example, just use es5-shim.js. (Ignored by browsers below IE8)
4. Summary
First of all, the examples here are just simple implementations. Readers can deeply feel the similarities and differences of the three methods. , complex frameworks also snowball through this basic idea.
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