nonlocal

First of all, it must be clear that the nonlocal keyword isdefinedinside the closure. Please look at the following code:

x = 0 def outer(): x = 1 def inner(): x = 2 print("inner:", x) inner() print("outer:", x) outer() print("global:", x)

Result

# inner: 2 # outer: 1 # global: 0

Now, add the nonlocal keyword to the closure to declare:

x = 0 def outer(): x = 1 def inner(): nonlocal x x = 2 print("inner:", x) inner() print("outer:", x) outer() print("global:", x)

Result

# inner: 2 # outer: 2 # global: 0

See the difference? This is afunctionwith another function nested inside it. When nonlocal is used, it is declared that thevariableis not only valid
within the nested function inner(), but is valid within the entire large function.

global

Still the same, let’s look at an example:

x = 0 def outer(): x = 1 def inner(): global x x = 2 print("inner:", x) inner() print("outer:", x) outer() print("global:", x)

Result

# inner: 2 # outer: 1 # global: 2

global starts with variables in the entire environment Acts on variables of function class instead of on variables of function class.

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