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Analysis of usage examples of time module and datetime module in Python

高洛峰
Release: 2017-03-07 16:07:10
Original
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Time module method:

time.time(): Get the timestamp of the current time

time.localtime(): Accept a timestamp , and convert it into a tuple of the current time. If no parameters are given, time.time() will be passed in as a parameter by default

##time.localtime ():IndexAttributeMeaning0tm_year 年1tm_mon月2tm_mday日3tm_hourhour 4tm_minminutes5tm_secseconds6tm_wdayDay of the week7tm_yday Day of the year8tm_isdstDaylight Saving Time
  • time.mktime(): Contrary to time.localtime(), it converts a time tuple into a timestamp (this must be given a parameter)

  • time.asctime(): Represents a time tuple in the format of "Sun Jul 28 03:35:26 2013". If no parameters are given, time.localtime() will be passed in as a parameter by default

  • time.ctime(): Convert a timestamp to the expression format of time.asctime(). If no parameters are given, time.time() will be passed in as a parameter by default

  • time.gmtime(): Convert a timestamp to a time tuple in UTC+0 time zone (China should be +8 time zone, a difference of 8 hours). If no parameters are given, it will default to time.time() is passed in as a parameter

  • time.strftime(format, time.localtime()): Convert a time tuple into a formatted time character, without giving a time For tuple parameters, time.localtime() will be passed in as a parameter by default

For example, the time format in the web log is time.strftime('%d/%b/%Y :%X')

Return result:

Sun Jul 28 04:37:38 2013
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format:


AttributeFormatMeaningValue range (format)Year%yThe year minus the century00-99 %YComplete year%jDay of the year001-366## Month%b##%BLocal complete month name Full English monthDate%dDay of the month1 month 31st%HThe hour (12-hour clock)%M%S%UThe number of weeks in the year (counting from Monday)Day of the week%Z%xlocal print TimeDetailed Date Time'%' characterCorresponding characters of local am or pm

%m MonthJanuary 12th
Local simplified month nameAbbreviated English month
##hour
The hour of the day (24-hour clock)00-23 %l
“01-12”Minutes
Minutes00-59Seconds
Seconds00-59Week
The number of weeks in the year (from Starting from Sunday)00-53%W

%w
0-6Time Zone
China: It should be GMT+8 (China Standard Time)Please educate yourself Others
Local corresponding date日/month/year%X
Hour:Minute:Second%c
Day/Month/Year Hour:Minute:Second %%
'%' character%p
AM or PM


time.strptime(stringtime,format):将时间字符串根据指定的格式化符转换成数组形式的时间,
例如:

time.strptime('28/Jul/2013:04:33:29', '%d/%b/%Y:%X')
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返回结果:

复制代码 代码如下:

time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=4, tm_min=33, tm_sec=29, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=209, tm_isdst=-1)

time.clock():返回处理器时钟时间,一般用于性能测试和基准测试等,因为他们反映了程序使用的实际时间,平常用不到这个。

time.sleep():推迟指定的时间运行,单位为秒

import time
print time.time() #打印时间戳
print time.localtime()#打印本地时间元组
print time.gmtime()#答应UTC+0时区的时间元组
print time.ctime()#打印asctime格式化时间
print time.mktime(time.localtime())#将时间元组转换为时间戳
print time.asctime()#打印格式化时间
print time.strftime('%d/%b/%Y:%X')#打印指定格式的时间格式
#把时间字符串和它的格式翻译成时间元组
print time.strptime('28/Jul/2013:04:33:29', '%d/%b/%Y:%X')
print '%0.5f'%time.clock() #打印处理器时间
for i in range(100000): 
 pass
print '%0.5f'%time.clock()#打印处理器时间
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来看一下结果:

[root@localhost ~]# python time1.py
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1364028568.55
time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=4, tm_min=49, tm_sec=28, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=82, tm_isdst=1)
time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=8, tm_min=49, tm_sec=28, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=82, tm_isdst=0)
Sat Mar 23 04:49:28 2013
1364028568.0
Sat Mar 23 04:49:28 2013
23/Mar/2013:04:49:28
time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=4, tm_min=33, tm_sec=29, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=209, tm_isdst=-1)
0.02000
0.03000
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datetime模块
datetime.time():生成一个时间对象。这个时间可以由我们来设置,默认都是0(这个类只针对时间)

#coding:utf-8
import datetime
print datetime.time()
t = datetime.time(1, 3, 5, 25)
print t
print t.hour #时
print t.minute #分
print t.second #秒
print t.microsecond #毫秒
print datetime.time.max #一天的结束时间
print datetime.time.min #一天的开始时间
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执行一下:

00:00:00
01:03:05.000025

23:59:59.999999
00:00:00
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datetime.date():生成一个日期对象。这个日期要由我们来设置,(这个类只针对日期)

#coding:utf-8
import datetime
#设置日期
t = datetime.date(2013, 2, 3)
#打印设置日期的和元组
print t.timetuple()#日期元组
print t
print t.year #年
print t.month #月
print t.day #日
#获取今天的日期
today = datetime.date.today()
print today
print datetime.datetime.now()#这个打印到毫秒级别
#获取今天日期的元组
t1 = today.timetuple()
print t1
#打印成ctime格式(time.ctime()格式)
#'%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y'
print t.ctime()
print today.ctime()
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运行结果

time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=34, tm_isdst=-1)
2013-02-03
2013
2
3
2013-07-28
2013-07-28 20:13:25.942000
time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=209, tm_isdst=-1)
Sun Feb 3 00:00:00 2013
Sun Jul 28 00:00:00 2013
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datetime.timedelta():这个类用来做时间的算数运算
datetime.datetime.combine(date,time):这个用来结合日期和时间的

#coding:utf-8
import datetime
#打印:从毫秒到周的表示格式 = 转换成秒 (total_seconds()) 
for i in [datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1), #1毫秒
  datetime.timedelta(seconds=1), #1秒
  datetime.timedelta(minutes=1), #1分钟
  datetime.timedelta(hours=1), #1小时
  datetime.timedelta(days=1), #1天
  datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)]:#11周
 #print i + ':' + i.total_seconds()
 print '%s = %s seconds'%(i,i.total_seconds())
print
print '~' * 20 + '我是分割线' + '~' * 20
print '计算时间的加减。。。。。。。。。'
a = datetime.datetime.now()
print '现在时间是:'
print a
print '加5小时之后变成:'
b = a + datetime.timedelta(hours=5)
print b
print '加一周之后变成:'
c = a + datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
print c
print '减去一周后变成:'
d = a - datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
print d
print '计算2个时间相差多久'
print '%s减去%s'%(b, a)
print '等于:%s'%(b - a)
print '%s减去%s'%(a, d)
print '等于:%s'%(a - d)
print
print '~' * 20 + '我是分割线' + '~' * 20
print '比较2个时间:'
print '比较当天和一周前的'
print a > d
print '如果比较d > a 的话就返回False'
print
print '~' * 20 + '我是分割线' + '~' * 20
print '上面的列子都是把日期和时间分开的,现在我们来把他们自由结合'
print '假设我们想要的时间是:2014-01-05 13:14:25'
t = datetime.time(13, 14, 25)
d = datetime.date(2014, 01, 05)
print datetime.datetime.combine(d, t)
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打印为:

0:00:00.001000 = 0.001 seconds
0:00:01 = 1.0 seconds
0:01:00 = 60.0 seconds
1:00:00 = 3600.0 seconds
1 day, 0:00:00 = 86400.0 seconds
7 days, 0:00:00 = 604800.0 seconds
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计算时间的加减。。。。。。。。。

现在时间是:
2013-07-28 21:34:33.531000
加5小时之后变成:
2013-07-29 02:34:33.531000
加一周之后变成:
2013-08-04 21:34:33.531000
减去一周后变成:
2013-07-21 21:34:33.531000
计算2个时间相差多久
2013-07-29 02:34:33.531000减去2013-07-28 21:34:33.531000
等于:5:00:00
2013-07-28 21:34:33.531000减去2013-07-21 21:34:33.531000
等于:7 days, 0:00:00

比较2个时间:
比较当天和一周前的
True
如果比较d > a 的话就返回False

上面的列子都是把日期和时间分开的,现在我们来把他们自由结合
假设我们想要的时间是:2014-01-05 13:14:25
2014-01-05 13:14:25
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