Mydumper and myloader are excellent third-party mysql database logical backup and recovery tools that use multi-threaded export and import. It makes up for the shortcomings of mysqldump's single thread. This article describes how to speed up the export and import of mydumper and myloader for your reference.
For other matters about mydumper and myloader, please refer to:
Mydumper installation and installation failure summary
Mydumper backup mysql database example
myloader restore mysql database example
1. Export and import based on MyIsam engine
a. Export and import tables without chunking
[root@GZAPP tmp]# mydumper -u inno -p xxx -B bsom -T tb_access_log -o /backup/tmp/
[root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr
The exported data file is a single The file size is 2.6GB
total 2.6G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.6K Jul 24 08:51 bsom.tb_access_log-schema.sql
-rw-r--r -- 1 root root 214 Jul 24 08:52 metadata-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.6G Jul 24 08:52 bsom.tb_access_log.sql
Import based on the default number of threads, and set the number of queries per transaction to 10,000. This parameter actually has little effect at this time, because the table is myisam engine
[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -d /backup/tmp -v 3 -q 10000
[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -d /backup/tmp -v 3 -q 10000
** Message: 4 threads created
** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_access_log`
** Message: Thread 4 shutting down
** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 0
** Message: Thread 3 shutting down
** Message: Thread 2 shutting down
Copy after login
root@localhost[tempdb
]> show processlist;
+--------- +---------+----------+--------+---------+--------+ ---------+---------------------------------------- --------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+---------+------- --+----------+--------+---------+--------+-------- -+------------------------------------------------ +
| 4452079 | root | localhost| tempdb | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
| 4453793 | inno | localhost| tempdb | Sleep | 420 | | NULL | | 4453794 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Query | 4 | update | INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (506873,"325|
+---------+----------+----- -----+--------+---------+--------+---------+------ ------------------------------------------+
From the number of threads above, we can see that only a single thread is performing the insert operation
b, table partitioning Export and import
In the following example, 500MB is used for partitioning
[root@GZAPP tmp]# mydumper -u inno -p xxx -B bsom -T tb_access_log -F 500 -o /backup/tmp/ [root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr total 2.6G -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.6K Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log-schema.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00001.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00002.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00003.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:21 bsom.tb_access_log.00004.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 08:22 bsom.tb_access_log.00005.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 214 Jul 24 08:22 metadata -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 241M Jul 24 08:22 bsom.tb_access_log.00006.sql
It can be seen from the above that the large table tb_access_log is divided into nearly 500M Multiple files
[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -t 6 -d /backup/tmp -v 3 ** Message: 6 threads created ** Message: Creating database `tempdb` ** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_access_log` ** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 3 ** Message: Thread 2 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 5 ** Message: Thread 5 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 4 ** Message: Thread 3 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 6 ** Message: Thread 4 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 1 ** Message: Thread 6 restoring `bsom`.`tb_access_log` part 2
#在下面的processlist可以看到，存在表级锁等待
+---------+-------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+---------+-------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| 4452079 | root | localhost | bsom | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
| 4452167 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Sleep | 769 | | NULL |
| 4452168 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Query | 36 | update | INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (6367402,"0,|
| 4452169 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Query | 21 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (12593865," |
| 4452170 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Query | 26 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (15643029,""|
| 4452171 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Query | 6 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (173947,"70 |
| 4452172 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Query | 15 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (9490507,"7 |
| 4452173 | inno | localhost | tempdb | Query | 30 | Waiting for table level lock| INSERT INTO `tb_access_log` VALUES (3271602,"4 |
+---------+---------+-----------+---------+---------+--------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
c、调整myisam有关参数后导入
[root@GZ-APP-BAK01 tmp]# time myloader -u innobk -p InnoBK -B tempdb -t 6 -d /backup/tmp -v 3 ** Message: 6 threads created ** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_mobile_access_log` ** Message: Thread 1 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 3 ** Message: Thread 6 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 6 ** Message: Thread 2 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 5 ** Message: Thread 3 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 4 ** Message: Thread 4 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 1 ** Message: Thread 5 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 2 ** Message: Thread 6 shutting down ** Message: Thread 5 shutting down ** Message: Thread 1 shutting down ** Message: Thread 2 shutting down ** Message: Thread 4 shutting down ** Message: Thread 3 shutting down
real 266m28.903s
user 0m6.008s
sys 0m1.681s
###调整以下相关参数，后尝试再次导入，
concurrent_insert AUTO 改成 ALWAYS
bulk_insert_buffer_size 8388608 改成 256M
myisam_sort_buffer_size 67108864 改成 128M
[root@GZ-APP-BAK01 tmp]# time myloader -u innobk -p InnoBK -B tempdb -t 6 -o -d /backup/tmp -v 3 ** Message: 6 threads created ** Message: Dropping table (if exists) `tempdb`.`tb_mobile_access_log` ** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_mobile_access_log` ** Message: Thread 1 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 3 ** Message: Thread 2 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 6 ** Message: Thread 3 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 5 ** Message: Thread 4 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 4 ** Message: Thread 6 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 1 ** Message: Thread 5 restoring `blossom`.`tb_mobile_access_log` part 2 ** Message: Thread 2 shutting down ** Message: Thread 1 shutting down ** Message: Thread 6 shutting down ** Message: Thread 5 shutting down ** Message: Thread 3 shutting down ** Message: Thread 4 shutting down
real 253m42.460s ###此时导入时间并无明显减少
user 0m5.924s
sys 0m1.637s
2、基于innodb引擎的导出导入
a、表未分块导出，数据文件大小为3.9GB
[root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr total 3.9G -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.8K Jul 24 00:09 bscom.tb_message-schema.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.9G Jul 24 00:25 bscom.tb_message.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 215 Jul 24 09:14 metadata
###下面使用6个线程导入，实际上可以看到，只有1个线程在工作，因为数据文件只有1个
[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -t 6 -d /backup/tmp -v 3 ** Message: 6 threads created ** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_message` ** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 0 ** Message: Thread 5 shutting down ** Message: Thread 2 shutting down ** Message: Thread 6 shutting down ** Message: Thread 3 shutting down ** Message: Thread 4 shutting down
b、表分块导出
[root@GZAPP tmp]# mydumper -u inno -p xxx -B bscom -T tb_message -F 500 -o /backup/tmp/ [root@GZAPP tmp]# ls -hltr total 3.9G -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.8K Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message-schema.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00001.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00002.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00003.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00004.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00005.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00006.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 478M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00007.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 481M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00008.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 135 Jul 24 09:55 metadata -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 93M Jul 24 09:55 bscom.tb_message.00009.sql
###下面尝试使用6线程导入，可以看到有6个线程在并发导入
[root@GZAPP tmp]# myloader -u inno -p xxx -B tempdb -t 6 -d /backup/tmp/ -v 3 ** Message: 6 threads created ** Message: Creating database `tempdb` ** Message: Creating table `tempdb`.`tb_message` ** Message: Thread 2 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 5 ** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 9 ** Message: Thread 3 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 1 ** Message: Thread 4 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 8 ** Message: Thread 5 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 4 ** Message: Thread 6 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 6 ** Message: Thread 1 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 7 ** Message: Thread 6 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 3 ** Message: Thread 2 restoring `bscom`.`tb_message` part 2 ** Message: Thread 3 shutting down ** Message: Thread 5 shutting down ** Message: Thread 4 shutting down ** Message: Thread 1 shutting down ** Message: Thread 2 shutting down ** Message: Thread 6 shutting down
3、小结
a、mydumper在导出的时候可以根据服务器可用资源来合理地设置线程数。
b、mydumper在导出的时候尽可能地指定chunk-filesize或者rows参数以分块导出。
c、myloader在针对myisam引擎时建议调整相关参数至合理值以提高无法提高性能，主要是表级锁的问题。
d、myloader在针对innodb引擎时建议调整参数至合理值以提高性能，如以下参数等：
innodb_buffer_pool_size innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit innodb_log_buffer_size
e、通过使用分块导出与导入可以显著利用并发来加快inndbo表导入。
f、注意mydumper导出时不会导出存储过程，函数，触发器等。
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