There are two sets of regular expression function libraries in PHP. One set is provided by the PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expression) library. The PCRE library implements regular expression pattern matching using the same syntax rules as Perl, using functions named with the "preg_" prefix. The other set is provided by the POSIX (Portable Operation System interface) extension library. POSIX extended regular expressions are defined by POSIX 1003.2 and generally use functions named with the "ereg_" prefix.
The functions of the two function libraries are similar, but the execution efficiency is slightly different. Generally speaking, to achieve the same function, the efficiency of using the PCRE library is slightly superior. Its use is described in detail below.
6.3.1 Regular expression matching
1. preg_match()
Function prototype: int preg_match (string $pattern, string $content [, array $matches])
preg_match () function searches the $content string for the regular expression given by $pattern. Matching content. If $matches is provided, the matching results are placed in it. $matches[0] will contain the text that matches the entire pattern, $matches[1] will contain the first captured match of the pattern element enclosed in parentheses, and so on. This function only performs one match and ultimately returns the number of matching results of 0 or 1. Listing 6.1 shows a code example for the preg_match() function.
Code 6.1 Date and time matching
This is a simple dynamic text string matching example. Assuming that the current system time is "13:25 on August 17, 2006", the following content will be output.
The matching time is: 2006-08-17 01:25 pm
The current date is: 2006-08-17
The current time is: 01:25 pm
2. ereg() and eregi()
ereg() is the matching function for regular expressions in the POSIX extension library. eregi() is a case-ignoring version of the ereg() function. Both have similar functions to preg_match, but the function returns a Boolean value indicating whether the match was successful or not. It should be noted that the first parameter of the POSIX extension library function accepts a regular expression string, that is, no delimiter is required. For example, Listing 6.2 is a method for checking the security of file names.
Code 6.2 Security check of file names
Normally, using the Perl-compatible regular expression matching function perg_match() will be faster than using ereg() or eregi(). If you just want to find whether a string contains a certain substring, it is recommended to use the strstr() or strpos() function.
3. preg_grep()
Function prototype: array preg_grep (string $pattern, array $input)
The preg_grep() function returns an array, which includes the cells in the $input array that match the given $pattern pattern. Preg_grep() also only performs a match for each element in the input array $input. Listing 6.3 gives an example that simply illustrates the use of the preg_grep() function.
Code 6.3 Array query matching
6.3.2 Global regular expression matching
1. preg_match_all()
Similar to the preg_match() function. If the third parameter is used, all possible matches will be put in. This function returns the number of times the entire pattern is matched (possibly 0), and returns False if an error occurs. Below is an example of converting a URL link address in text into HTML code. Listing 6.4 is an example of using the preg_match_all() function.
Code 6.4 Convert the link address in the text into HTML
$max_size) { $link_text = substr($link_url, 0, $max_size)."..."; } else { $link_text = $link_url; } //生成HTML文字 $text = str_replace($link_url,"$link_text",$text); } return $text; } //运行实例 $str = “这是一个包含多个URL链接地址的多行文字。欢迎访问//m.sbmmt.com”; print url2html($str); /*输出结果 这是一个包含多个URL链接地址的多行文字。欢迎访问 //m.sbmmt.com */ ?>
2． Multi-line matching
It is difficult to perform complex matching operations only using regular table functions under POSIX. For example, perform matching searches on entire files (especially multi-line text). One way to do this using ereg() is to do it in separate lines. The example in Listing 6.5 demonstrates how ereg() assigns the parameters of the INI file to an array.
Code 6.5 Multi-line matching of file content
Tips
This is just for the convenience of illustrating the problem. To parse an *.ini file, the best way is to use the function parse_ini_file(). This function directly parses the *.ini file into a large array.
6.3.3 Regular expression replacement
1. ereg_replace() and eregi_replace()
Function prototype: string ereg_replace (string $pattern, string $replacement, string $string)
string eregi_replace (string $pattern, string $replacement, string $string)
ereg_replace ()Search for the pattern string $pattern in $string and replace the matched result with $replacement. When $pattern contains pattern units (or sub-patterns), positions in $replacement such as "\1" or "$1" will be replaced by the content matched by these sub-patterns. And "\0" or "$0" refers to the entire matching string. It should be noted that the backslash is used as an escape character in double quotes, so the form "\\0" or "\\1" must be used.
The functions of eregi_replace() and ereg_replace() are the same, except that the former ignores case. Code 6.6 is an application example of this function. This code demonstrates how to do simple cleaning work on the program source code.
Code 6.6 Source code cleaning
2．preg_replace()
函数原型：mixed preg_replace (mixed $pattern, mixed $replacement, mixed $subject [, int $limit])
preg_replace较ereg_replace的功能更加强大。其前三个参数均可以使用数组；第四个参数$limit可以设置替换的次数，默认为全部替换。代码6.7是一个数组替换的应用实例。
代码6.7 数组替换
\nEmail: {Email}
\nAddress: {Address}
\n"; //模式 $patterns =array( "/{Address}/", "/{Name}/", "/{Email}/" ); //替换字串 $replacements = array ( "No.5, Wilson St., New York, U.S.A", "Thomas Ching", "tom@emailaddress.com", ); //输出模式替换结果 print preg_replace($patterns, $replacements, $string); ?>
输出结果如下。
Name: Thomas Ching",
Email: tom@emailaddress.com
Address: No.5, Wilson St., New York, U.S.A
在preg_replace的正则表达式中可以使用模式修正符“e”。其作用是将匹配结果用作表达式，并且可以进行重新运算。例如：
TEST
My Picture
