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Detailed explanation and example code of java HashMap

高洛峰
Release: 2017-02-03 17:28:59
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java HashMap

/*
* Map集合的特点
* 将键映射值的对象,一个映射不能包含重复的值;每个键最多只能映射到一个值
* 
* Map集合和Collection集合的区别?
* Map集合存储元素是成对出现的,Map集合的键是唯一的,就是可重复的。可以把这个理解为:夫妻对
* Collection集合存储元素是单独出现的,Collection的儿子Set是唯一的,List是可重复的,可以把这个理解为:光棍
* 
* 注意:
* Map集合的数据结构值针对键有效,限值无效
* Collection集合的数据结构是针对元素有效
* 
* Map集合的功能概述:
* 1:添加功能
* V put(K key,V value);//添加元素
* 如果键是第一次存储,就直接存储元素,返回null
* 如果键不是第一次存储,就用值把以前的值替换掉,返回以前的值
* 
* 2:删除功能
* void clear();//移除所有的键值对元素
* V remove(Object key);//根据键删除键值对元素,并把值返回
* 
* 3:判断功能
* boolean containsKey(Object key);//判断集合是否包含指定的键
* boolean containsValue(Object value);//判断集合是否包含指定的值
* boolean isEmpty();//判断集合是否为空
* 
* 4:获取功能
* set<Map,Entry<E,V>> entrySet();获取键值对的对象集合
* V get(Object key);//根据键获取值
* Set<K> keySet();//获取集合中所有键的集合
* Collection<V> values();//获取集合中所有值的集合
* 
* 5:长度功能
* int size();//返回集合中的键值对的对数
* */
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Traversal of Map collection

Method 1, query value based on key

Get the collection of all keys

Traverse the collection of keys , get each key

Query the value based on the key

Method 2, query the key and value based on the key-value pair object

Get the collection of all key-value pair objects

Traverse the collection of key-value pair objects and obtain the object of each key-value pair

Query the key and value based on the key-value pair object

Method 1, Query the value based on the key

/*
 
* Map集合的遍历,根据键查询值
* 
* 思路:
* A:获取所有的键
* B:遍历键的集合,获取得到每一个键
* C:根据键查询值
* */
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import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
  
/*
 * Map集合的遍历,根据键查询值
 *
 * 思路:
 * A:获取所有的键
 * B:遍历键的集合,获取得到每一个键
 * C:根据键查询值
 * */
  
public class IntegerDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
  
    map.put("hello", "world");
    map.put("java", "c++");
    map.put("sql", "os");
  
    System.out.println(map);
  
    // A:获取所有的键
    Set<String> set = map.keySet();
  
    // B:遍历键的集合,获取得到每一个键
    for (String key : set) {
      // C:根据键查询值
      String value = map.get(key);
      System.out.println(key + "---" + value);
    }
  }
}
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Method 2, query the key and value based on the object of the key-value pair

/*
* Map集合的遍历,根据对象查询键和值
*
* 思路:
* A:获取所有的键值对对象的集合
* B:遍历键值对对象的集合,得到每一个键值对的对象
* C:获取键和值
* */
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import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
  
/*
 * Map集合的遍历,根据对象查询键和值
 *
 * 思路:
 * A:获取所有的键值对对象的集合
 * B:遍历键值对对象的集合,得到每一个键值对的对象
 * C:获取键和值
 * */
  
public class IntegerDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
  
    map.put("hello", "world");
    map.put("java", "c++");
    map.put("sql", "os");
  
    System.out.println(map);
  
    // A:获取所有的键值对对象的集合
    Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> set = map.entrySet();
  
    // B:遍历键值对对象的集合,得到每一个键值对的对象
    for (Map.Entry<String, String> me : set) {
      // C:获取键和值
      String key = me.getKey();
      String value = me.getValue();
      System.out.println(key + "---" + value);
    }
  }
}
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/*
* 1:HashMap和Hashtable的区别?
* HashMap线程不安全,效率高,允许null键和null值
* Hashtable线程安全,效率低,不允许null键和null值
*
* 2:List,Set,Map等接口是否都继承于Map接口?
* List,Set不是继承自Map接口,它们继承自Collection接口
* Map接口本身就是一个顶层接口
* */
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
  
public class IntegerDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  
    HashMap<String, String> hm = new HashMap<String, String>();
    Hashtable<String, String> ht = new Hashtable<String, String>();
  
    hm.put("hello", "world");
    hm.put("java", "c++");
    hm.put(null, "sql");
  
    ht.put("hello", "world");
    ht.put("java", "c++");
    ht.put(null, "sql");// Exception in thread "main"
              // java.lang.NullPointerException
  }
}
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