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Summary of Python time acquisition and conversion knowledge

高洛峰
Release: 2017-01-12 15:30:29
Original
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Time processing is the most common requirement in our daily development, such as: getting the current datetime, getting today's date, getting tomorrow/previous N days, getting the start and end time of the day (00:00:00 23:59:59 ), get the time difference between two datetimes, get the last day of this week/this month/last month, etc. These conversions seem messy and difficult to remember, so today we will summarize Python’s time processing.

Principle: Take datetime as the center, starting point or transit, and convert it into the target object, covering the date conversion processing required in most business scenarios

Steps:

1. Master several objects and their relationships

2. Understand the basic operation methods of each type of object

3. Convert through transformation relationships

datetime is date A combination with time, including all information about date and time.

The function prototype is:

datetime. datetime (year, month, day[ , hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] ] )
The meaning of each parameter is the same as that in the date and time constructors. Pay attention to the range of parameter values.

Example:

1. Get the datetime object

The code is as follows:

import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
#输出:datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 26, 8, 34, 30, 876359)
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2.Get the timestamp(timestamp)

Time The stamp is the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 (00:00:00 GMT). It is also called Unix Timestamp.

The code is as follows:

import time
time.time()
#输出:1480120686.733905
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3. Get time tuple (tuple)

The code is as follows:

import time
time.localtime()
#输出:time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=8, tm_min=39, tm_sec=33, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=331, tm_isdst=0)
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4. Get time string (string)

String format parameter list:
datetime. strftime (format)
%a: Abbreviation of week. For example, Wednesday is Web
%A: The full letter of the week. For example, Wednesday is Wednesday
%b: the abbreviation of the month. For example, April is Apr
%B: the full month. For example, the month of April is April
%c: string representation of date and time. (For example: 04/07/10 10:43:39)
%d: The number of days in this month (the number of days in this month)
%f: Microseconds (range [0,999999 ])
%H: Hour (24-hour format, [0, 23])
%I: Hour (12-hour format, [0, 11])
%j: The number of days in the year [001,366] (the day of the year)
%m: month ([01,12])
%M: minute ([00,59])
%p: AM or PM
%S: Seconds (range is [00, 61], why not [00, 59], refer to the python manual~_~)
%U: The number of weeks in the year and the week in the year), Sunday as The first day of the week
%w: The number of days today is in this week, the range is [0, 6], 6 means Sunday
%W: The number of weeks in the year (the first week of the year), Monday is the first day of the week
%x: date string (such as: 04/07/10)
%X: time string (such as: 10:43:39)
%y: Year represented by 2 digits
%Y: Year represented by 4 digits
%z: Interval with UTC time (if it is local time, return an empty string)
%Z: Time zone name (if is the local time, returns an empty string)
%%: %% => %

The code is as follows:

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2016-11-26 08:40:39'
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5.date (date)

Code As follows:

import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2016, 11, 26)
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6. Get today’s date

The code is as follows:

import datetime
datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2016, 11, 26)
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7. Get tomorrow/previous N days

Tomorrow

The code is as follows:

import datetime
datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
datetime.date(2016, 11, 27)
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Two days ago

The code is as follows:

import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 26, 8, 42, 59, 665368)
>>> datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)
datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 24, 8, 43, 14, 696948)
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8. Get the start and end time of the day (00:00:00 23:59:59)

The code is as follows:

import datetime
datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)
datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 26, 0, 0)
datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max)
datetime.datetime(2016, 11, 26, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
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9. Get the time difference between two datetimes

The code is as follows:

import datetime
(datetime.datetime(2016,12,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()
1480506.809658
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10. Get the last day of this week/this month/last month

This week

The code is as follows:

import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
#输出: datetime.date(2016, 11, 26)
sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())
#输出:datetime.date(2016, 11, 27)
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This month

The code is as follows:

import calendar
today = datetime.date.today()
last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year, today.month)
last_day = datetime.date(today.year, today.month, last_day_num)
#输出:datetime.date(2016, 11, 30)
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11. Get the last day of the previous month (may span New Years )

The code is as follows:

import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
first = datetime.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year)
lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
#输出:datetime.date(2016, 10, 31)
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Other usage examples:

The code is as follows:

#当月1号
datetime.date(datetime.date.today().year,datetime.date.today().month,1)
#当月1号
datetime.date.today().replace(day=1)
#上月1号
(datetime.date.today().replace(day=1) - datetime.timedelta(1)).replace(day=1)
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and above The above is a summary of Python time acquisition and conversion knowledge introduced by the editor. I hope it will be helpful to you. If you have any questions, please leave me a message and the editor will reply to you in time. I would also like to thank you all for your support of the PHP Chinese website!

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