Python commonly used functions

巴扎黑
Release: 2016-11-26 10:02:27
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   一、数学相关
1、绝对值:abs(-1)
2、最大最小值:max([1,2,3])、min([1,2,3])
3、序列长度:len('abc')、len([1,2,3])、len((1,2,3))
4、取模:divmod(5,2)//(2,1)
5、乘方:pow(2,3,4)//2**3/4
6、浮点数:round(1)//1.0
二、功能相关
1、函数是否可调用:callable(funcname),注意,funcname变量要定义过
2、类型判断:isinstance(x,list/int)
3、比较:cmp('hello','hello')
4、快速生成序列:(x)range([start,] stop[, step])
三、类型转换
1、int(x)
2、long(x)
3、float(x)
4、complex(x) //复数
5、str(x)
6、list(x)
7、tuple(x) //元组
8、hex(x)
9、oct(x)
10、chr(x)//返回x对应的字符,如chr(65)返回‘A'
11、ord(x)//返回字符对应的ASC码数字编号,如ord('A')返回65
四、字符串处理
1、首字母大写:str.capitalize
2、字符串替换:str.replace
3、字符串切割:str.split
五、序列处理函数
1、len:序列长度
2、max:序列中最大值
3、min:最小值
4、filter:过滤序列
六、并行
  zip
  map 
  reduce
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Time type processing:

time.time() 返回当前时间戳即,秒数1394647431.90625 
time.asctime()  返回当时时间的ascii表式形势,'Thu Mar 13 02:03:46 2014' 
time.ctime() 当前时间的字符串形式 'Thu Mar 13 02:04:59 2014'和ascii码表显形式一样 
time.ctime();time.ctime(time.time())  可以指定时间戳转找成字符串形式'Wed Mar 12 08:26:26 2014' 
time.localtime() 返回当前时区的内部time格式struct_time格式 time.struct_time(tm_year=2014, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=13, tm_hour=2, tm_min=8, tm_sec=14, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=72, tm_isdst=0) 
time.localtime()[:6]  #(2014, 3, 13, 8, 15, 7, 3, 72) 
time.localtime()[0:9] #(2014, 3, 13, 8, 15, 24, 3, 72, 0) 
time.gmtime() 将时间戳转变成UTC时区(0时区)的struct_time结构, 
time.mktime() 将内部time格式转换成时间戳,即秒数1394583457.0 
time.mktime(time.localtime(time.time())) 如1394583457.0
time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime(time.time())) 有将内部time结构转变成我们人为可读的指定的字符串格式 '2014-3-12'
time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime()) 如'2014-03-13 01:54:27'
time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y",time.localtime()) 如'Thu Mar 13 01:55:05 2014'
time.strptime()将字符串格式的时间转变成内部time格式
time.strptime("Sat Mar 28 22:24:25 2009","%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y")返回一个struct_time结构时间time.struct_time(tm_year=2009, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=22, tm_min=24, tm_sec=25, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=87, tm_isdst=-1)
a = "Sat Mar 28 22:24:24 2009" 这个是把字符转转变成struct_time内部结构后再用time.mktime()生成时间戳,即生成字符串。
b = time.mktime(time.strptime(a,"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"))
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