Detailed explanation of ConfigParser of Python parsing configuration module-Python Tutorial-php.cn

Detailed explanation of ConfigParser of Python parsing configuration module

高洛峰

Release： 2016-10-18 09:13:10

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1. Basic reading configuration file

-read(filename) directly reads the ini file content

-sections() gets all the sections and returns them in the form of a list

-options(section) gets the section All options

-items(section) Get all the key-value pairs of the section

-get(section,option) Get the value of the option in the section, returned as string type

-getint(section,option) Get the option in the section The value is returned as int type, and there are corresponding getboolean() and getfloat() functions.

2. Basic writing configuration file

-add_section(section) Add a new section

-set(section, option, value) To set the options in the section, you need to call write to write the content into the configuration file .

3. Basic example

test.conf

[sec_a] 
a_key1 = 20 
a_key2 = 10 
   
[sec_b] 
b_key1 = 121 
b_key2 = b_value2 
b_key3 = $r 
b_key4 = 127.0.0.1

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parse_test_conf.py

import ConfigParser 
cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 
#read config 
cf.read("test.conf") 
# return all section 
secs = cf.sections() 
print &#39;sections:&#39;, secs 
   
opts = cf.options("sec_a") 
print &#39;options:&#39;, opts 
   
kvs = cf.items("sec_a") 
print &#39;sec_a:&#39;, kvs 
   
#read by type 
str_val = cf.get("sec_a", "a_key1") 
int_val = cf.getint("sec_a", "a_key2") 
   
print "value for sec_a&#39;s a_key1:", str_val 
print "value for sec_a&#39;s a_key2:", int_val 
   
#write config 
#update value 
cf.set("sec_b", "b_key3", "new-$r") 
#set a new value 
cf.set("sec_b", "b_newkey", "new-value") 
#create a new section 
cf.add_section(&#39;a_new_section&#39;) 
cf.set(&#39;a_new_section&#39;, &#39;new_key&#39;, &#39;new_value&#39;) 
   
#write back to configure file 
cf.write(open("test.conf", "w"))

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Get terminal output:

sections: [&#39;sec_b&#39;, &#39;sec_a&#39;] 
options: [&#39;a_key1&#39;, &#39;a_key2&#39;] 
sec_a: [(&#39;a_key1&#39;, "i&#39;m value"), (&#39;a_key2&#39;, &#39;22&#39;)] 
value for sec_a&#39;s a_key1: i&#39;m value 
value for sec_a&#39;s a_key2: 22

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Updated test.conf

[sec_b] 
b_newkey = new-value 
b_key4 = 127.0.0.1 
b_key1 = 121 
b_key2 = b_value2 
b_key3 = new-$r 
   
[sec_a] 
a_key1 = i&#39;m value 
a_key2 = 22 
   
[a_new_section] 
new_key = new_value

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4. Python’s ConfigParser Module defines 3 classes to operate INI files. They are RawConfigParser, ConfigParser and SafeConfigParser respectively. RawCnfigParser is the most basic INI file reading class. ConfigParser and SafeConfigParser support the parsing of %(value)s variables.

Set the configuration file test2.conf

[portal] 
url = http://%(host)s:%(port)s/Portal 
host = localhost 
port = 8080

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Use RawConfigParser:

import ConfigParser 
  
cf = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser() 
  
print "use RawConfigParser() read" 
cf.read("test2.conf") 
print cf.get("portal", "url") 
  
print "use RawConfigParser() write" 
cf.set("portal", "url2", "%(host)s:%(port)s") 
print cf.get("portal", "url2")

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Get the terminal output:

use RawConfigParser() read 
http://%(host)s:%(port)s/Portal 
use RawConfigParser() write 
%(host)s:%(port)s

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Use Conf instead igParser:

import ConfigParser 
  
cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 
  
print "use ConfigParser() read" 
cf.read("test2.conf") 
print cf.get("portal", "url") 
  
print "use ConfigParser() write" 
cf.set("portal", "url2", "%(host)s:%(port)s") 
print cf.get("portal", "url2")

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get terminal Output:

use ConfigParser() read 
http://localhost:8080/Portal 
use ConfigParser() write 
localhost:8080

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Use SafeConfigParser instead:

import ConfigParser 
  
cf = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser() 
  
print "use SafeConfigParser() read" 
cf.read("test2.conf") 
print cf.get("portal", "url") 
  
print "use SateConfigParser() write" 
cf.set("portal", "url2", "%(host)s:%(port)s") 
print cf.get("portal", "url2")

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Get terminal output (the effect is the same as ConfigParser):

use SafeConfigParser() read 
http://localhost:8080/Portal 
use SateConfigParser() write 
localhost:8080

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