Table of Contents
比特币的核心特征
比特币的技术基础:区块链
比特币的产生与交易
比特币钱苞与私钥
Home web3.0 What is Bitcoin (BTC)? A brief introduction to what is Bitcoin

What is Bitcoin (BTC)? A brief introduction to what is Bitcoin

Aug 07, 2025 pm 10:48 PM
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比特币(Bitcoin,简称BTC)是一种基于密码学原理创建和运行的数字资产。它不依赖于特定的中央机构,比如银行或政府来发行和管理。它的构想在2008年由一个化名“中本聪”(Satoshi Nakamoto)的个人或团体在一篇名为《比特币:一种点对点的电子现金系统》的论文中首次提出。

比特币(BTC)是什么币?简单介绍什么是比特币 - php中文网

2009年,比特币网络正式上线,标志着第一个去中心化的数字货币的诞生。比特币的交易和记录都通过一个名为区块链的公开分布式账本进行验证和存储。这个网络由遍布全球的参与者(即“节点”)共同维护,没有单一的控制中心,任何人都可以在遵循协议规则的前提下参与其中。它的总量被永久限制在2100万枚,这一设计使其具有稀缺性。

比特币的核心特征

1、去中心化:比特币网络没有中央服务器或者管理者。它通过一个由成千上万台计算机组成的分布式网络来运行。这种结构使得网络非常稳健,不存在单点故障的风险,任何单一实体都无法控制或关闭比特币网络。

2、点对点传输:比特币的交易直接在用户之间进行,不需要通过银行、支付平台等传统金融中介。这意味着价值的转移是直接从付款方到收款方的钱苞地址,减少了中间环节和潜在的审查。

3、匿名性(化名性):比特币的交易是与一串由字母和数字组成的地址相关联,而非用户的真实身份信息。虽然所有交易记录都是公开透明的,但地址与现实世界中的个人身份没有直接联系,提供了某种程度的隐私保护。这种特性通常被称为“化名性”。

4、全球化流通:比特币是一种互联网原生的货币,它不受地域限制。只要有互联网连接,世界上任何地方的任何人都可以发送或接收比特币,交易成本与交易的物理距离无关。

5、供应量有限:比特币的创造者在协议中设定了其总量的上限,即2100万枚。这个固定的供应量是通过算法来保证的,不能被任何人更改。

比特币(BTC)是什么币?简单介绍什么是比特币 - php中文网

比特币的技术基础:区块链

1、分布式公共账本:区块链(Blockchain)是比特币的底层核心技术。可以把它理解为一个公开的、分布式的数字账本。这个账本记录了自比特币诞生以来的所有交易信息。

2、区块与链:交易数据会被打包成一个个“区块”(Block)。每个区块都通过加密算法与前一个区块相连接,形成一个不可中断的“链条”。新的区块会持续不断地被添加到链的末端,从而延长这条链。

3、数据的不可篡改性:一旦某个区块被添加到区块链上,要修改其中的数据就变得极其困难。因为每个区块都包含了前一个区块的加密哈希值,篡改任何一个区块都会使其后续所有区块的哈希值失效。攻击者需要重新计算并修改之后的所有区块,这需要巨大的算力,在实践中被认为是几乎不可篡改的。

4、共识机制:网络中的节点通过一个称为“工作量证明”(Proof-of-Work)的共识机制来就账本的当前状态达成一致。这个过程确保了只有经过验证的、合法的交易才能被记录到区块链中,保障了整个系统的安全与统一。

比特币的产生与交易

1、挖的产生机制:新的比特币是通过一个被称为“挖”(Mining)的过程产生的。挖者(矿工)使用专门的计算机设备解决极其复杂的数学难题。第一个成功解出难题的矿工将获得将下一个区块添加到区块链上的权利。

2、区块奖励与交易费:作为成功添加区块的报酬,矿工会得到两部分奖励:一部分是新产生的比特币,这被称为“区块奖励”;另一部分是该区块内所有交易包含的“交易手续费”。这是比特币进入流通的唯一途径。

3、奖励减半:比特币协议规定,大约每四年(或每产生210,000个区块),区块奖励的数量就会减半。这个事件被称为“减半”(Halving)。这一机制是控制新比特币发行速度和保证其总量不超过2100万枚的关键设计。

4、交易流程:当一个用户想要发送比特币时,他会使用自己的私钥对交易进行数字签名,然后将这笔交易广播到整个比特币网络中。矿工们收集这些待处理的交易,验证其有效性后,将其打包进新的区块。一旦该区块被成功添加到区块链上并得到后续区块的确认,这笔交易就被认为是最终完成了。

比特币钱苞与私钥

1、数字钱苞的作用:用户通过“比特币钱苞”(Bitcoin Wallet)来存储、发送和接收比特币。钱苞实际上并不存储比特币本身,比特币始终存在于区块链上。钱苞存储的是用于访问和控制这些比特币的关键信息。

2、公钥与私钥:每个比特币钱苞都包含一对密钥:公钥和私钥。公钥可以生成比特币地址,类似于银行账号,可以安全地分享给他人,用于接收比特币。私钥则是一串机密的字符,是访问和花费对应地址中比特币的唯一凭证,私钥是控制权的核心

3、私钥的重要性:私钥必须被妥善保管并且绝对保密。任何人只要获得了你的私钥,就能够完全控制你钱苞地址里的所有比特币。一旦私钥丢失或被盗,其中的资产将永久无法找回,因为比特币网络是去中心化的,没有客服或中央机构可以帮你重置密码或冻结账户。

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