


How to resolve merge conflicts in Git for Python source files?
Merge conflicts in Git occur when two branches modify the same part of a Python file and must be resolved manually. 2. Conflict markers (>>>>>> branch-name) indicate conflicting sections. 3. Use git status to identify conflicted files like my_script.py. 4. Open the file, examine both changes, and decide whether to keep one version, combine changes, or rewrite. 5. Carefully edit the code, ensuring correct syntax, indentation, and logic, while removing all conflict markers. 6. Resolve duplicate imports or overlapping function changes to maintain functionality. 7. Test the file using python my_script.py or pytest to catch syntax and logic errors. 8. After successful testing, run git add my_script.py followed by git commit to complete the merge. 9. Avoid pitfalls like indentation errors and duplicated code by using proper editors and communication. 10. Use tools like VS Code’s merge tool, keep functions small, and pull updates frequently to minimize conflicts. Resolving merge conflicts requires careful editing, thorough testing, and proper commit hygiene to ensure code integrity.
Merge conflicts in Git happen when two branches modify the same part of a Python file, and Git can’t automatically decide which changes to keep. Resolving them in Python files requires care to avoid breaking syntax or logic, especially with indentation and imports. Here’s how to handle them properly.

Understand the conflict markers
When a conflict occurs, Git inserts conflict markers into the affected Python file:
<<<<<<< HEAD def hello(): print("Hello from main branch") ======= def hello(): print("Hi there from feature branch") print("With an extra line") >>>>>>> feature-branch
<<<<<<< HEAD
: Start of the current branch’s version (usually your local branch).=======
: Separator between the two conflicting changes.>>>>>>> feature-branch
: End of the incoming branch’s version.
Your job is to edit the file to resolve the difference and remove these markers.

Step-by-step resolution process
Identify conflicted files
Rungit status
to see which Python files have conflicts:Unmerged paths: both modified: my_script.py
Open the file in your editor
Look for the<<<<<<<
,=======
, andmarkers.
Decide on the correct code
Choose one version, combine changes, or rewrite the section. For example, you might want both messages:def hello(): print("Hello from main branch") print("Hi there from feature branch")
Or fix logic if both add functionality:
def hello(name="World"): print(f"Hello, {name}")
Remove the conflict markers
Make sure to delete all three lines (<<<<<<<
,=======
,) and any duplicate or unwanted code.
Test the Python file
Run the script or tests to ensure:- No syntax errors (especially indentation!)
- All functionality works
- Imports aren’t duplicated
Example:
python my_script.py python -m pytest
Mark as resolved and commit
After editing:git add my_script.py git commit
Git will create a merge commit.
Common pitfalls in Python files
- Indentation errors: Mixing spaces and tabs or incorrect indentation after edits can break Python. Use an editor that shows whitespace.
- Duplicate imports:
<<<<<<< HEAD from os import path ======= from os import listdir >>>>>>> feature
Resolve to:
from os import path, listdir
- Function or class logic conflicts: If both branches modify the same method, read both versions carefully to preserve intended behavior.
Tips to make resolution easier
- Use a merge tool: Configure Git to use a visual tool like
meld
,VS Code
, orPyCharm
:git config --global merge.tool vscode git mergetool
- Keep functions small: Smaller functions reduce the chance of overlapping changes.
- Communicate with teammates: If you’re working on the same files, coordinate changes early.
- Pull frequently: The longer you wait to merge, the more conflicts can accumulate.
Resolving merge conflicts in Python is straightforward once you understand the markers and take care with syntax. Test thoroughly after resolving—especially for logic errors that won’t raise syntax issues.
Basically: edit, remove markers, test, add, commit. Not complex, but easy to mess up if you rush.
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