How does a HashMap work internally in Java?

The key to writing PHP comments is to clarify the purpose and specifications. Comments should explain "why" rather than "what was done", avoiding redundancy or too simplicity. 1. Use a unified format, such as docblock (/*/) for class and method descriptions to improve readability and tool compatibility; 2. Emphasize the reasons behind the logic, such as why JS jumps need to be output manually; 3. Add an overview description before complex code, describe the process in steps, and help understand the overall idea; 4. Use TODO and FIXME rationally to mark to-do items and problems to facilitate subsequent tracking and collaboration. Good annotations can reduce communication costs and improve code maintenance efficiency.

Comments cannot be careless because they want to explain the reasons for the existence of the code rather than the functions, such as compatibility with old interfaces or third-party restrictions, otherwise people who read the code can only rely on guessing. The areas that must be commented include complex conditional judgments, special error handling logic, and temporary bypass restrictions. A more practical way to write comments is to select single-line comments or block comments based on the scene. Use document block comments to explain parameters and return values at the beginning of functions, classes, and files, and keep comments updated. For complex logic, you can add a line to the previous one to summarize the overall intention. At the same time, do not use comments to seal code, but use version control tools.

The key to writing good comments is to explain "why" rather than just "what was done" to improve the readability of the code. 1. Comments should explain logical reasons, such as considerations behind value selection or processing; 2. Use paragraph annotations for complex logic to summarize the overall idea of functions or algorithms; 3. Regularly maintain comments to ensure consistency with the code, avoid misleading, and delete outdated content if necessary; 4. Synchronously check comments when reviewing the code, and record public logic through documents to reduce the burden of code comments.

The key to writing PHP comments is clear, useful and concise. 1. Comments should explain the intention behind the code rather than just describing the code itself, such as explaining the logical purpose of complex conditional judgments; 2. Add comments to key scenarios such as magic values, old code compatibility, API interfaces, etc. to improve readability; 3. Avoid duplicate code content, keep it concise and specific, and use standard formats such as PHPDoc; 4. Comments should be updated synchronously with the code to ensure accuracy. Good comments should be thought from the perspective of others, reduce the cost of understanding, and become a code understanding navigation device.

The first step is to select the integrated environment package XAMPP or MAMP to build a local server; the second step is to select the appropriate PHP version according to the project needs and configure multiple version switching; the third step is to select VSCode or PhpStorm as the editor and debug with Xdebug; in addition, you need to install Composer, PHP_CodeSniffer, PHPUnit and other tools to assist in development.

PHP variables start with $, and the naming must follow rules, such as they cannot start with numbers and are case sensitive; the scope of the variable is divided into local, global and hyperglobal; global variables can be accessed using global, but it is recommended to pass them with parameters; mutable variables and reference assignments should be used with caution. Variables are the basis for storing data, and correctly mastering their rules and mechanisms is crucial to development.

There are three common ways to use PHP comments: single-line comments are suitable for briefly explaining code logic, such as // or # for the explanation of the current line; multi-line comments /*...*/ are suitable for detailed description of the functions or classes; document comments DocBlock start with /** to provide prompt information for the IDE. When using it, you should avoid nonsense, keep updating synchronously, and do not use comments to block codes for a long time.

PHP has 8 variable types, commonly used include Integer, Float, String, Boolean, Array, Object, NULL and Resource. To view variable types, use the gettype() or is_type() series functions. PHP will automatically convert types, but it is recommended to use === to strictly compare the key logic. Manual conversion can be used for syntax such as (int), (string), etc., but be careful that information may be lost.