How do I use a private Composer repository?
To use a private Composer repository, configure composer.json with the correct repository URL, handle authentication securely via SSH or HTTPS, and ensure packages are accessible. First, add the repository in composer.json using either a VCS type for Git repositories or a Composer type for private Packagist instances. Second, manage authentication by setting up SSH keys or using personal access tokens stored in auth.json without committing it to version control. Third, install packages normally with composer require, ensuring proper version tags, network access, permissions, and SSH agent availability.
Using a private Composer repository is pretty straightforward once you understand the setup. The key points are configuring your composer.json
correctly, handling authentication properly, and ensuring your packages are accessible over a supported protocol like HTTPS or SSH.
Setting Up the Repository in composer.json
To use a private repo, you need to tell Composer where it is. That means adding a repositories
section to your composer.json
file pointing to your private package source.
{ "repositories": [ { "type": "vcs", "url": "https://github.com/your-org/your-private-repo.git" } ] }
Or if you're using a private Packagist-style repository:
{ "repositories": [ { "type": "composer", "url": "https://repo.your-private-packagist.com" } ] }
This tells Composer to look there when resolving dependencies. Make sure the URL is correct and accessible from your environment.
Handling Authentication
Private repositories require authentication. There are a few ways to handle this depending on the type of repo and how it’s hosted.
For Git-based VCS repositories, you can use SSH keys or HTTPS with tokens:
- SSH: Set up an SSH key pair and ensure the public key is added to your Git provider.
- HTTPS: Use a personal access token (PAT) as the password.
Composer stores auth info in the auth.json
file, usually located in the same directory as composer.json
or in a global location.
Example auth.json
:
{ "github-oauth": { "github.com": "your-personal-access-token" }, "http-basic": { "repo.your-private-packagist.com": { "username": "your-user", "password": "your-password-or-api-token" } } }
? Pro tip: Never commit auth.json
into version control. Add it to .gitignore
.
Installing Private Packages
Once everything is configured, installing your package works just like any other:
composer require vendor/package-name
Composer will reach out to the private repo, authenticate, fetch the code, and install it.
A couple things to note:
- If you're using a custom VCS repo, make sure your
composer.json
inside that repo has proper version tags or branches defined. - For private Packagist instances, ensure the package is actually published and available to your user/team.
Also, remember to check:
- Your network/firewall settings allow outgoing HTTPS/Git traffic
- Your SSH agent is running if you’re using SSH keys
- You have the right permissions for the repository
That’s basically it — set the repo, handle auth, and install. It’s not complicated once you know where to place the config files and how to manage credentials securely.
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