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What are best practices for writing clean and maintainable JavaScript code?
What are best practices for writing clean and maintainable JavaScript code?
To write clean and maintainable JavaScript code, the following four points should be followed: 1. Use clear and consistent naming specifications, variable names are used with nouns such as count, function names are started with verbs such as fetchData(), and class names are used with PascalCase such as UserProfile; 2. Avoid excessively long functions and side effects, each function only does one thing, such as splitting update user information into formatUser, saveUser and renderUser; 3. Use modularity and componentization reasonably, such as splitting the page into UserProfile, UserStats and other widgets in React; 4. Write comments and documents until the time, focusing on explaining key logic, algorithm selection reasons and special data processing, rather than explanations line by line.
The key to writing clean and maintainable JavaScript code is to have clear structure, reasonable naming and single responsibilities. Don't expect to write perfect code from the beginning, but developing good habits can save you and the team a lot of worry.
1. Use consistent naming specifications
Variables, functions, and class names should be known at a glance what they do. For example, userName is clearer than u , getUserData() is more specific than getData() .
- Variables are nouns, such as
count,userList - Functions start with verbs, such as
fetchData()andvalidateForm() - Class name uses PascalCase, such as
UserProfile,ShoppingCart
Unified style is also important. Whether you choose camelCase or underscore (snake_case), the entire project should be consistent.
2. Avoid overly long functions and side effects
A function does only one thing, the simpler the better. If a function sends a request, changes the status, and operates the DOM, it will be a headache to change it later.
For example:
// function updateUserInfo(user) {
const formattedUser = formatUser(user);
sendToServer(formattedUser);
renderUserInfo(formattedUser);
}
// Recommended function formatUser(user) { ... }
function saveUser(user) { ... }
function renderUser(user) { ... }After disassembly, it is easier to reuse and test, and it is also easier for others to understand the logical process.
3. Use modularity and componentization rationally (especially in modern frameworks)
Whether using ES6's import/export or React/Vue's component mechanism, breaking the functions into small pieces is the core of keeping the code neat.
For example in React:
// Good practice: Split into multiple widgets<UserProfile />
<UserStats />
<UserSettings />
// Poor approach: plug in one component function UserInfoPage() {
// Render user information setting form icon status management data acquisition...
}Modularity not only makes the code clearer, but also facilitates post-scaling and testing.
4. Write comments and documents to "click until"
Not every line needs to be commented, but the key logic must be explained clearly. for example:
- Why use this algorithm?
- What problem does this code solve?
- Specially processed data format or boundary conditions?
Error example:
// Update data function updateData() { ... }Better:
/**
* Process user data returned from the interface, update the status after format conversion* Note: The backend field naming is not uniform, and manual mapping is required*/
function updateUserData(data) { ... }Basically that's it. Writing code is not only for the machine to run, but also for people to see. Good code structure, clear logic, and reasonable splitting are the keys to being truly easy to maintain.
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