How to switch to another user in the terminal?
There are three common ways to switch users in the terminal: 1. Use the su username command and enter the target user password to switch, which is suitable for knowing the target user password; 2. Use sudo su and enter the current user password to switch to root, and the current user needs to have sudo permissions; 3. Use sudo -i -u username to simulate the target user login environment, without the target user password, but the corresponding permissions are required. In addition, sudo -u username command can be used to temporarily execute the specified command, and it is not recommended to use root permissions for a long time to avoid the risk of incorrect operation.
The most common way to switch to another user in the terminal is to use the su
or sudo su
command. This method is suitable for most Linux systems, such as Ubuntu, CentOS, etc. If you have password permissions for the target user, you can easily complete the switch.
Use the su
command to switch users
su
is the abbreviation for "switch user", which switches to root by default, but you can also specify another username.
Operation steps:
- Enter the command
su username
and replaceusername
with the username you want to switch - After entering the car, you will be prompted to enter the user's password.
- The password is correct and the switch is successful
For example:
su alice
At this time you will enter the user's alice
environment. Note that this method requires you to know the target user's password.
Use sudo su
to switch to root user
If your current user has sudo permissions, you can use sudo su
to switch to root user.
Common scenarios:
- Some systems have disabled root login by default (such as Ubuntu)
- You need to perform some administrator-level operations
Operation process:
- Enter
sudo su
- Enter the current user's password
- Switch to root user successfully
It should be noted that although this practice is convenient, it may be restricted in some systems for security reasons.
Use sudo -i
to enter the target user shell
In addition to su
, there is a more recommended way to use sudo -i
, which can simulate the target user's login environment.
Example:
sudo -i -u alice
This will start a new shell as the alice
user and load her environment variables. This method does not require you to know the target user's password, as long as your user has the corresponding sudo permissions.
This command is especially useful in automated scripts because it ensures consistency in the environment.
Tips and notes
If you just want to temporarily execute a command as another user, you can use
sudo -u username command
, for example:sudo -u alice ls /home/alice
It is not recommended to use root permissions for a long time, as it is easy to cause system problems due to incorrect operations.
Some distributions (such as Ubuntu) do not have a root password by default, so using
su
directly may not be able to switch to root.
Basically that's it. Master these commands and you won’t encounter too many obstacles when switching users in the terminal.
The above is the detailed content of How to switch to another user in the terminal?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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