Why Do I Get a 'Reserved Word Error' in MySQL When Using `from` and `to` as Column Names?

SQL Syntax Error: "Reserved Word Error (from, to)"

Encountering the error "SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax" when using PDO in PHP can be frustrating. One potential cause of this error is the use of reserved words in column names without proper quoting.

In SQL, certain words such as "from" and "to" are reserved keywords and cannot be used as column names without quoting. This is highlighted in the error message as "check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'from, to, name, subject, message) VALUES".

To resolve this issue, you need to quote the reserved words using backticks (`). In MySQL, this would mean changing the code to:

$sql = "INSERT INTO messages (`from`, `to`, `name`, `subject`, `message`) VALUES (:from, :to, :name, :subject, :message)";

By quoting the reserved words, you inform the SQL parser that you intend to use them as column names and not as keywords. This should eliminate the syntax error and allow the query to execute successfully.

Remember, it's generally a good practice to avoid using reserved words as column names altogether. Consider renaming columns to avoid potential syntax conflicts in the future.

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