Why Doesn't My Spring @Transactional Annotation Work When Calling a Method from Within the Same Class?

Spring Transaction: Handling Method Calls within the Same Class

When annotating a method with @Transactional to handle transactions, an unexpected behavior may arise when calling that method from within the same class. The transaction may not be applied as expected.

To resolve this issue, it's essential to understand that Spring uses AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming) to implement transaction management by default. When using CGLIB for AOP (which is the default), it creates a proxy instance for the annotated class. This means that when a method is called from within the same class, it interacts with the proxy instance instead of the original class, resulting in the transaction not being applied.

Solution: Enable AspectJ for Transaction Management

To overcome this limitation, you can enable AspectJ for transaction management in your Spring configuration by adding the following code:

<tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj"/>

By configuring AspectJ, Spring will use AspectJ to manage transactions, which will resolve the issue of method calls within the same class.

Alternative Approach: Refactor Code

If you prefer not to use AspectJ, an alternative approach is to refactor your code and separate the transaction handling into a different class or service. By doing so, the annotated transactional method can be called from the separate class, and the transaction will be applied correctly.

For example, consider the following code:

public class UserService {

    private UserServiceHelper helper;

    public boolean addUser(String userName, String password) {
        return helper.addUser(userName, password);
    }
}

public class UserServiceHelper {

    @Transactional
    public boolean addUser(String userName, String password) {
        // Transactional logic...
    }
}

In this case, the transactional method addUser is defined in a helper class, and the UserService class calls this method. The transaction will be applied correctly in this scenario.

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