Why Am I Getting the SQLSTATE[HY093] 'Invalid Parameter Number' Error in Yii and How Can I Fix It?

SQLSTATE[HY093]: Understanding and Resolving "Invalid Parameter Number" Error in SQL

When working with databases, you may encounter an error message such as "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined." This error indicates a problem with the way parameters are being bound to an SQL statement.

In the context of Yii's active record pattern and DAO (Data Access Object), let's consider a specific scenario where this error arises.

Suppose you have the following code:

$model_person = new TempPerson();
$model = $model_person->find('alias=:alias', array(':alias' => $_GET['alias']));
$connection = Yii::app()->db2;
$sql = "INSERT INTO users (username, password, ssn, surname, firstname, email, city, country) VALUES(:alias, :password, :ssn, :surname, :firstname, :email, :city, :country)";
$command = $connection->createCommand($sql);
$command->bindValue(":username", $model->alias);
$command->bindValue(":password", substr($model->ssn, -4, 4));
$command->bindValue(":ssn", $model->ssn);
$command->bindValue(":surname", $model->lastName);
$command->bindValue(":firstname", $model->firstName);
$command->bindValue(":email", $model->email);
$command->bindValue(":city", $model->placeOfBirth);
$command->bindValue(":country", $model->placeOfBirth);
$command->execute();

This code attempts to insert a record into the "users" table based on the attributes of the $model object. However, the query generated and logged in the application log appears as follows:

INSERT INTO users (username, password, ssn, surname, firstname, email, city, country) VALUES(:alias, :password, :ssn, :surname, :firstname, :email, :city, :country);

Compare the above query with the parameter names in the bindValue() calls. Notice that the parameter name for binding the username value is ":username," not ":alias" as specified in the SQL statement. Yii interprets this discrepancy as "one parameter short," leading to the "SQLSTATE[HY093]" error.

To resolve this issue, ensure that the parameter names in the SQL statement match exactly with those used in the bindValue() method. In this case, change the parameter name in the SQL statement to ":username."

Here are some additional common causes of the "SQLSTATE[HY093]" error:

• Forgetting to add a bindValue() for a specified parameter.
• Invalid characters in the placeholder name.
• Conflicts between CDataProvider Pagination and Sorting when using joins in complex queries.

To troubleshoot these issues effectively, enable parameter logging in your Yii configuration file by adding:

'enableParamLogging' => true,

to the DB array. This will provide detailed information about the SQL query and bound parameters, making it easier to identify and correct errors.

The above is the detailed content of Why Am I Getting the SQLSTATE[HY093] 'Invalid Parameter Number' Error in Yii and How Can I Fix It?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!