How to Configure Java HTTPS Client Certificate Authentication?

Java HTTPS Client Certificate Authentication

When authenticating with server certificates, Java clients must present the following credentials:

Client Keystore

The client keystore, in PKCS#12 format, contains the following:

1. Client's public certificate
2. Client's private key

Example command to generate the keystore:

openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.p12 -name "Whatever"

Client Truststore

The client truststore, in JKS format, contains the root or intermediate CA certificates that determine the trusted endpoints.

Example command to generate the truststore:

keytool -genkey -dname "cn=CLIENT" -alias truststorekey -keyalg RSA -keystore ./client-truststore.jks -keypass whatever -storepass whatever
keytool -import -keystore ./client-truststore.jks -file myca.crt -alias myca

Authentication Process

When the server requests client authentication during the TLS handshake, it provides a list of trusted CAs. If the client certificate is signed by one of these CAs, it will be presented for authentication.

Additional Considerations:

1. Client certificate authentication is server-enforced.
2. The client certificate must be signed by a CA trusted by the server.
3. Use a packet analyzer like Wireshark for debugging and analysis.

Using Apache HttpClient

To use HttpClient for HTTPS with client authentication:

1. Replace the URL with its HTTPS equivalent.
2. Add the following JVM arguments:

-Djavax.net.debug=ssl
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStoreType=pkcs12
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=client.p12
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=whatever
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=jks
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=client-truststore.jks
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=whatever

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