How to Add a JAR Dependency via Relative Path in Maven without Using a Repository?

Adding a Dependency to a JAR by Relative Path in Maven

Maven provides a convenient way to manage dependencies for Java projects. However, when working with proprietary JARs that you want to avoid adding to a repository, you may need to find an alternative approach. This article explains how to add a dependency to a JAR by relative path in Maven.

Problem: Avoiding Dependency Repository

Adding proprietary JARs to a repository can be inconvenient, especially when you want to keep your project commands simple (e.g., mvn compile). Instead, you may prefer to store the JARs in a third-party library within source control and link to them via a relative path in the pom.xml file.

Solution: Using a File Repository and Avoiding System Scope

To achieve this, it is recommended to use a "file repository" specific to the project and avoid the system scope. System-scoped dependencies can cause issues in certain situations (e.g., assembly).

1. Declare a File Repository:

In the pom.xml file, declare a repository with a unique ID and a URL pointing to the local path of your third-party library:

<repositories>
  <repository>
    <id>my-local-repo</id>
    <url>file://${project.basedir}/my-repo</url>
  </repository>
</repositories>

2. Install the Third-Party JAR:

Use the maven-install-plugin's install:install-file goal to install the JAR into the local repository. Specify the group ID, artifact ID, version, packaging, and the local repository path:

mvn org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:2.3.1:install-file \
    -Dfile=<path-to-file> -DgroupId=<myGroup> \
    -DartifactId=<myArtifactId> -Dversion=<myVersion> \
    -Dpackaging=<myPackaging> -DlocalRepositoryPath=<path>

3. Add the Dependency:

Finally, add the dependency in the pom.xml file as you would for any other dependency, but without the system scope:

<dependency>
  <groupId>your.group.id</groupId>
  <artifactId>3rdparty</artifactId>
  <version>X.Y.Z</version>
</dependency>

This approach allows you to link to the JAR via a relative path from your source control without the need for a repository.

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