Why Are My Persian Characters Displaying Incorrectly in My CodeIgniter Application After Database Migration?

Strange Character Encoding of Stored Data: Old Script Displays Correctly, New Script Doesn't

Problem:

A website is being rewritten from an unspecified database engine to a new script using Codeigniter. The original database engine displays Persian characters correctly, but the new script shows them in a strange font/charset.

Additional Details:

• Database character set: utf8
• Database collation: utf8_persian_ci
• Codeigniter settings: 'char_set' = 'utf8', 'dbcollat' = 'utf8_persian_ci'
• Data stored in the database appears as "عمران" when entered using the old script, but as "عمراÙ" when fetched using the new script

Analysis:

The issue lies in how the database connection is set up. The old script may have been using a specific setting that interprets the Persian characters correctly, while the new script is using a different setting that causes them to appear incorrectly.

Solution:

• Ensure that the database connection is correctly configured. Verify that the database character set and collation are set to 'utf8' and 'utf8_persian_ci', respectively.
• Convert the existing data in the database. Use the following SQL statement to convert the data from latin1 (the assumed character set the database is storing the data in) to utf8:

SELECT CONVERT(BINARY CONVERT(field_name USING latin1) USING utf8) FROM table_name

• Once the data has been converted, it should display correctly in the new script. If not, further investigation into the settings and code of the new script may be necessary.

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