JSON Web Tokens (JWT)

What are JSON Web Tokens (JWT)?

A JSON Web Token (JWT) is a widely used open standard designed for securely exchanging information between two parties—typically a client and a server.

Each JWT contains encoded JSON objects that include a set of claims.

These claims represent various types of data, such as user identity, permissions, or other essential details.

Structure of a JWT

A JWT is divided into three key components:

• **Header: **Provides details about the type of token and the algorithm used for signing.
• Payload: Contains the claims, which include the data to be shared.
• Signature: Ensures the token's authenticity and guards against tampering.

Common Use Cases

1. Authentication: JWTs are frequently used for user authentication. After a successful login, the server generates a JWT, which is included in subsequent client requests.
2. Authorization: JWTs can store user roles and permissions, granting access to specific resources.
3. Single Sign-On (SSO): JWTs streamline authentication across multiple systems or applications without requiring repeated logins.

Best Practices for Using JWTs

Set an expiration time to limit the token’s lifespan.

• Always use HTTPS when transmitting JWTs to prevent interception.
• Avoid embedding sensitive data in the JWT payload, as it is visible to anyone with access to the token.

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