Why Does My Matrix Class's `

Ambiguous Overloading of << Operator for ostream

The error encountered when trying to overload the << operator for a Matrix class stems from the requirement that the operator function must take exactly one argument. In this case, the error is likely due to the following code:

std::ostream&amp; Matrix::operator <<(std::ostream&amp; stream, const Matrix&amp; matrix) {

    [...]

}

Since the operator<< function is defined as a member function of the Matrix class, it implicitly takes the Matrix object as an argument. As a result, the function actually takes two arguments: the ostream object and the Matrix object.

To resolve this issue, you have two options:

1. Use a friend function: A friend function is not a member of the class but has access to its private and protected members. By defining the operator<< function as a friend function, you can avoid the implicit Matrix object argument.

   friend std::ostream&amp; operator<< (std::ostream&amp; stream, const Matrix&amp; matrix) {
       [...]
   }

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2. Pass the Matrix object as a reference: By passing the Matrix object as a reference, you can avoid the implicit Matrix object argument.

   std::ostream&amp; operator<< (std::ostream&amp; stream, const Matrix&amp; matrix) const {
       [...]
   }

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Note that the second option requires the operator<< function to be declared as const since it does not modify the Matrix object.

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