How Can I Easily Create a Basic HTTP Server in Java?

Creating a Basic HTTP Server in Java Using Java SE API

Problem:

Developers often face the challenge of creating HTTP servers in Java without manually parsing requests and formatting responses. Existing solutions involve tedious and error-prone code, which is prone to bugs and insufficient error handling.

Answer: Built-in HTTP Server in Java

Since Java SE 6, Oracle JRE includes a built-in HTTP server, known as jdk.httpserver module in Java 9. This server simplifies the process of creating basic HTTP servers, eliminating the need for manual request parsing and response formatting.

Example:

Here's a simple example of using the built-in HTTP server:

import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpHandler;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;

public class SimpleHttpServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(8000), 0);
        server.createContext("/test", new MyHandler());
        server.start();
    }

    static class MyHandler implements HttpHandler {
        @Override
        public void handle(HttpExchange t) throws IOException {
            String response = "This is the response";
            t.sendResponseHeaders(200, response.length());
            OutputStream os = t.getResponseBody();
            os.write(response.getBytes());
            os.close();
        }
    }

}

This server responds with the message "This is the response" when a request is made to "/test".

Note on com.sun.* Classes:

While using com.sun.* classes is generally discouraged for implementation of Java API specifications, the built-in HTTP server is an exception. It is an integral part of the JDK and does not pose portability issues like the sun.* package.

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