How to Use Environment Variables and Spring Boot Profiles to Manage Configuration in Different Environments?

Using Environment Variables in Spring Boot's application.properties

In Spring Boot applications, it's often necessary to dynamically set configuration values based on the environment in which the application is running. This is especially useful when deploying applications to different environments, such as development, testing, and production.

To use environment variables in application.properties, you need to declare them appropriately. Typically, this is done by setting environment variables in your operating system or in the build process. Once the environment variables are set, you can reference them in application.properties using the ${ variable name } syntax.

For example, consider the following code snippet:

spring.datasource.url = ${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_HOST}:${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PORT}/nameofDB
spring.datasource.username = ${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_USERNAME}
spring.datasource.password = ${OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PASSWORD}

In this example, we assume that the environment variables have been set as follows:

OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_HOST=jdbc:mysql://localhost
OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PORT=3306
OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_USERNAME=root
OPENSHIFT_MYSQL_DB_PASSWORD=123asd

With these environment variables set, the application.properties file will be automatically populated with the appropriate values.

Another approach is to use Spring Boot profiles to set different configuration values for different environments. This is done by creating application-{profile-name}.properties files, where {profile-name} is the name of the environment. For example, you could create application-local.properties, application-jenkins.properties, and application-openshift.properties files for the local, Jenkins, and OpenShift environments, respectively.

Each of these files would contain the appropriate configuration values for that environment. For example, application-local.properties might contain:

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/nameofDB
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = 123asd

Then, you can specify which profile to use when launching the application using the --spring.profiles.active command-line argument. For example, to use the local profile, you would run:

java -jar app.jar --spring.profiles.active=local

Using environment variables or Spring Boot profiles provides a flexible and maintainable way to set configuration values for your application in different environments.

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