How Does Java's `Thread.interrupt()` Work, and How Do Threads Respond to Interruption?

Understanding the Functionality of java.lang.Thread.interrupt()

When invoked, the java.lang.Thread.interrupt() method modifies the interrupted status or flag of the targeted thread. Subsequently, code operating within this targeted thread can periodically examine the interrupted status and respond accordingly.

Particularly, certain blocking methods like Object.wait() instantly retrieve and exhaust the interrupted status, triggering the appropriate exception (often InterruptedException).

Additionally, it is critical to note that interruption in Java lacks pre-emptive behavior. This implies that both the interrupt initiator and the interrupted thread must actively participate to process the interrupt. Consequently, if the target thread neglects to poll the interrupted status, the interrupt is effectively discarded.

To check the interrupted status, the Thread.interrupted() function can be used. This approach concurrently retrieves the current thread's interrupted status and effaces that interrupt flag. Afterward, the thread typically reacts by throwing an InterruptedException or carrying out other necessary actions.

It's also worth noting that specific API methods have built-in interrupt handling. For instance:

• Object.wait(), Thread.sleep(), and Thread.join()
• Most java.util.concurrent structures
• Java NIO (Java Input/Output) - However, it employs ClosedByInterruptException rather than InterruptedException.

Thread interruption is a subtle technique utilized to urge a thread toward graceful termination. As opposed to Thread.stop(), which acts more like an abrupt assault on the thread, interruption offers an opportunity for threads to exit cleanly.

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