Should SQL Keywords Be Uppercase or Lowercase?

Preserving Consistency in SQL Keyword Usage

Despite the default convention of using uppercase for SQL keywords, it remains a topic of debate whether there are compelling reasons to adhere to this practice.

Historical Roots and Ergonomic Concerns:

Traditionally, uppercase keywords have been prevalent in database technology, influenced by the command-line interfaces of early systems. However, with the advent of more modern graphical interfaces, the ergonomic strain of continually holding down the Shift key has prompted some to question the need for uppercase keywords.

Benefits of Lowercase Keywords:

Advocates for lowercase keywords argue that they improve readability by enhancing the distinction between keywords and other elements of SQL statements. Literals and comments, which are typically written in lowercase, stand out more clearly against lowercase keywords. This can reduce the risk of errors by making it easier to identify code structures.

Dimensionalizing Database Objects:

Another approach is to use a capitalization strategy for database objects, such as tables, views, and stored procedures. This allows for easier differentiation between logical constructs within the database. For instance, a table name written in mixed case, such as "CustomerOrder," can be distinguished from the keyword "ORDER BY."

Personal Preference and Established Conventions:

Ultimately, the decision of whether to use uppercase or lowercase keywords often boils down to personal preference. However, some organizations may have established conventions regarding coding style, including the capitalization of SQL keywords. In such cases, it is advisable to adhere to the established guidelines for consistency.

Conclusion:

While the default use of uppercase keywords in SQL has historical roots, it is becoming more common to see lowercase keywords as a matter of preference and readability. The use of mixed case for database objects can further enhance clarity. When selecting a capitalization strategy, consider factors such as personal preference, organizational conventions, and the desired readability of the code.

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