Why Does Python Requests Throw an SSLError, and How Can I Fix It?

Python Requests Throws SSLError: Understanding the Issue

The SSLError exception encountered when using Python Requests indicates an issue with SSL certificate validation. The error is triggered when Python cannot verify the authenticity of the SSL certificate presented by the server.

Trusted SSL Certificates:

For Python Requests to validate SSL certificates, it relies on trusted certificate authorities (CAs) or a custom CA bundle. When the library attempts to connect to a server, it checks if the server's certificate is signed by a trusted CA.

Solution Options:

To resolve the SSLError:

1. Disable Certificate Verification:

   Setting verify=False in the requests.get() method bypasses certificate verification entirely. Caution: This method is not recommended for production software as it exposes security vulnerabilities.

2. Use a Trusted CA Bundle:

   Provide a path to a custom CA bundle containing the trusted certificate authority. This can be done by setting verify= to the path of the CA bundle.

3. Use a Specific Certificate:

   If you have obtained the server's SSL certificate, you can set verify= to the path of the certificate file. This ensures that Python Requests uses this specific certificate for validation.

4. Install the CA Bundle:

   Some operating systems and frameworks have default CA bundles installed. Installing a trusted CA bundle for your system or application can ensure that Python Requests can verify certificates from trusted sources.

Note:

When using verify=False, consider the security risks associated with bypassing certificate validation. It is recommended to use this method only in exceptional cases, such as for quick scripts or development purposes.

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