Why Doesn't Python Have True Private Class Variables?

Why Does Python Lack "Private" Class Variables?

In Java, it is common practice to employ access modifiers like "public," "private," and "protected" to control the visibility of class variables. However, Python takes a different approach, raising questions about the necessity of such modifiers.

Initially, in Python, one can create instance variables simply by assigning values within the constructor, as illustrated in the code snippet mentioned in the query. This raises concerns about modifying variables outside the class, which is explicitly prevented by access modifiers in Java.

The answer to this discrepancy lies in Python's cultural norms. Unlike Java, Python emphasizes the concept of code ownership and discourages the practice of modifying variables belonging to other classes. It assumes that developers will behave responsibly and adhere to the established conventions.

For those seeking a semblance of privacy, Python provides the __ prefix option, per PEP 8 guidelines. This prefix modifies the name of the variable, making it less visible outside its namespace. However, it is important to note that this method is not foolproof, and determined individuals can still access these variables.

In contrast, the _ prefix is commonly used to indicate that a variable is intended for internal use within the class or module. While technically accessible from outside, this convention discourages direct manipulation and serves as a polite request for cooperation among developers.

Ultimately, Python's lack of explicit access modifiers relies on a shared understanding among programmers to respect the boundaries of other classes' variables. This approach fosters a collaborative environment where developers can trust that their code will be handled responsibly.

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