`foreach`, `array_map` with Lambda, or Static Function: Which is Fastest for Array Transformation?

How Does 'foreach' Compare to 'array_map' with Lambda or 'static' Function?

When transforming arrays, developers often ponder the performance implications of utilizing 'foreach', 'array_map' with a lambda (closure) function, or 'array_map' with a 'static' function/method.

Performance Assessment

Benchmarking (with xdebug disabled) reveals that:

• PHP 5.6: Minimal difference between 'foreach' and 'array_map' closure.
• PHP 7 and later: 'foreach' and 'array_map' closure remain comparable.

Impact of Closures Using 'use'

Including closures with a 'use' statement significantly affects performance in the 'array_map' version, but not in the 'foreach' version.

Other Approaches

While 'foreach', 'array_map' with a lambda, and 'array_map' with a 'static' function are the most common approaches, other options exist:

• Generator Expressions: Similar to 'foreach' but concise (if supported by your PHP version).
• 'uopz_iterator_apply()': Fast but deprecated as of PHP 8.0.

Choosing Among the Approaches

The optimal choice depends on factors including:

• Simplification: 'foreach' is easier to read and write.
• Performance: For simple transformations with no loops or closures, 'foreach' or 'array_map' with a 'static' function is faster.
• Closure Performance: If closures are necessary, consider using 'uopz_iterator_apply()' for best performance in PHP 7.x or 'foreach' if 'uopz_iterator_apply()' is unavailable.
• Code Profiler: Use a profiler to pinpoint performance bottlenecks and select the most suitable technique.

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