Why Do I Get 'SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid Parameter Number' in Yii and How Can I Fix It?

Troubleshooting "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid Parameter Number" in Yii

When attempting to execute a SQL statement in Yii's DAO, an error message "SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined" may occur. This issue arises due to a mismatch between the parameters used in the SQL query and the values provided in the bindValue() method.

In the provided code example, the SQL query includes eight parameters: :alias, :password, :ssn, :surname, :firstname, :email, :city, and :country. However, the bindValue() method only includes seven parameters and binds the wrong parameter name, :username, instead of :alias. This mismatch results in the aforementioned error.

To resolve this issue, ensure that the parameter names used in the bindValue() method exactly match the parameter names in the SQL query. In this case, the bindValue() method should be modified as follows:

$command->bindValue(":alias", $model->alias);

Additional Causes and Mitigation Strategies

Besides parameter name mismatches, other possible causes of this error include:

• Missing bindValue() for a parameter: Remember to add the bindValue() for all parameters used in the SQL query.
• Invalid characters in the parameter name: Verify that the parameter names used in the bindValue() method do not contain invalid characters.
• Conflicts with CDataProvider: When using CDataProviders for pagination or sorting alongside complex queries involving joins, parameter drop issues may occasionally arise.
• Enable parameter logging: To aid in troubleshooting, enable parameter logging in the config file by adding:

'enableParamLogging' => true,

This will provide a log of the query and the parameters that were attempting to be bound, facilitating debugging.

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