How Can I Integrate C Functionality into My Go Applications?

Integrating C Functionality into Go Applications

Go, the open-source programming language developed by Google, provides a robust environment for building efficient and scalable solutions. However, there may arise scenarios where you need to incorporate existing C code into your Go programs. This article explores methods to achieve this integration, enabling you to leverage the capabilities of C within the Go ecosystem.

Approach: Wrapping C with C Interface

One approach to using C code in Go is to wrap your C classes with a C interface. This involves creating a C header file that defines a set of functions corresponding to your C class's methods. By implementing these functions in C, you can expose the C functionality to Go's cgo library.

Example:

Consider the following C class:

class cxxFoo {
public:
  int a;
  cxxFoo(int _a):a(_a){};
  ~cxxFoo(){};
  void Bar();
};

To wrap this class with a C interface, you would define the following header file:

typedef void* Foo;
Foo FooInit(void);
void FooFree(Foo);
void FooBar(Foo);

The corresponding C implementation for the wrapper functions would be:

Foo FooInit()
{
  cxxFoo * ret = new cxxFoo(1);
  return (void*)ret;
}
void FooFree(Foo f)
{
  cxxFoo * foo = (cxxFoo*)f;
  delete foo;
}
void FooBar(Foo f)
{
  cxxFoo * foo = (cxxFoo*)f;
  foo->Bar();
}

With the C interface established, you can create a Go wrapper struct and associated methods to interact with the C functionality:

package foo

import "C"
import "unsafe"

type GoFoo struct {
     foo C.Foo;
}

func New()(GoFoo){
     var ret GoFoo;
     ret.foo = C.FooInit();
     return ret;
}
func (f GoFoo)Free(){
     C.FooFree(unsafe.Pointer(f.foo));
}
func (f GoFoo)Bar(){
     C.FooBar(unsafe.Pointer(f.foo));
}

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