How to Resolve JDBC Connection Timeout Errors in Spring Boot Applications?

JDBC Connection Timeout Resolution: Investigating Wait_Timeout Error

This article addresses an issue where a Spring Boot application using JPA Hibernate with MySQL experiences a connection termination after a specified time. The error message indicates that the MySQL server's wait_timeout configuration has been exceeded.

Possible Solutions

Initially, the developer identified the "testOnBorrow" and "validationQuery" options, but these are not recommended for resolving the timeout issue.

Recommended Approach: Configuring Connection Validation and Pool Behavior

The preferred solution involves configuring connection validation and pool behavior to ensure that idle or problematic connections are identified and removed.

JDBC URL Parameter

Adding the "autoReconnect" parameter to the JDBC URL is a quick fix, but it should be used with caution as it can lead to issues during active transactions.

spring.datasource.max-active

Setting this parameter limits the maximum number of active connections in the pool.

spring.datasource.initial-size

Specifying the number of initial connections in the pool.

spring.datasource.max-idle and spring.datasource.min-idle

Configuring the maximum and minimum number of idle connections.

spring.datasource.test-while-idle and spring.datasource.test-on-borrow

These parameters enable connection validation while idle or on retrieval from the pool.

spring.datasource.validation-query

This parameter specifies the query used for connection validation.

Note: Use a JDBC4 validation method instead of the "validationQuery" option if available.

spring.datasource.time-between-eviction-runs-millis and spring.datasource.min-evictable-idle-time-millis

These parameters control the frequency and criteria for evicting idle connections from the pool.

By implementing these configurations, your application will regularly validate connections and remove invalid ones, preventing the connection timeout error. Spring Boot 2.x uses HikariCP as the default connection pool, which offers enhanced connection management features. Consulting its documentation for further configuration options is recommended.

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