How to Structure the `proxies` Variable in Python\'s `requests` Module?

Understanding Proxies with Python's 'Requests' Module

Question:

The documentation for the 'Requests' module in Python mentions a 'proxies' variable, but it doesn't provide clear details on its expected content. How should this variable be structured?

Answer:

To use the 'proxies' variable effectively, it's essential to understand its syntax and purpose. The 'proxies' variable accepts a dictionary as its value. This dictionary maps different protocols (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP) to their respective proxy URLs. Here's an example:

http_proxy = "http://10.10.1.10:3128"
https_proxy = "https://10.10.1.11:1080"
ftp_proxy = "ftp://10.10.1.10:3128"

proxies = {
    "http": http_proxy,
    "https": https_proxy,
    "ftp": ftp_proxy,
}

r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)

By specifying different proxy URLs for each protocol, you can customize your proxying strategy. Alternatively, you can set these proxies as environment variables:

Linux:

export HTTP_PROXY=10.10.1.10:3128
export HTTPS_PROXY=10.10.1.11:1080
export FTP_PROXY=10.10.1.10:3128

Windows:

set http_proxy=10.10.1.10:3128
set https_proxy=10.10.1.11:1080
set ftp_proxy=10.10.1.10:3128

Note that the 'proxies' variable can take two values per protocol mapping. However, it's not necessary to convert them to any specific type before placing them in the dictionary.

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