Java's >> and >>> Operators: What's the Difference?

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Distinguishing >>> and >> in Java

Java programmers often encounter a dilemma when choosing between the >> and >>> operators. While both perform right shifts, they operate differently, leading to distinct outcomes.

Arithmetic Shift vs. Logical Shift

The primary distinction lies in the type of shift performed:

• Arithmetic shift right (>>): Preserves the sign of the operand by extending the sign bit into the empty bits.
• Logical shift right (>>>): Shifts the bits to the right and fills the empty bits with zeros, regardless of the operand's sign.

Example: Shifting a Signed Number

Consider the 8-bit representation of -2: 11111110.

• Arithmetic shift (>>): Extends the sign bit to preserve the negative value. Shifting it right by 1 bit results in 11111111, representing -1.
• Logical shift (>>>): Ignores the sign bit and shifts the value right. Shifting it right by 1 bit results in 01111111, a positive value.

Conclusion:

The >> operator is used for arithmetic shifts, ensuring that signed numbers maintain their sign. In contrast, the >>> operator performs logical shifts, treating the operand as a purely unsigned value. Understanding this difference is crucial for accurate bit manipulation and data interpretation in Java code.

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