JavaFX FXML Controllers: Constructor vs. `initialize()` Method – What's the Difference?

JavaFX: What's the Difference Between FXML Controller Constructor and initialize Method?

In JavaFX applications, the FXML framework loads the view and instantiate the corresponding controller using the constructor and the initialize method. However, it's important to understand the differences between these two for effective controller initialization.

Constructor vs. initialize Method

The constructor is invoked first, followed by the injection of @FXML fields and then the initialize method. This implies that:

• Constructor: Does not have access to @FXML fields. Can be used to perform any operations that don't rely on UI elements defined in the FXML file.
• initialize Method: Has access to @FXML fields. Designed for any necessary post-processing or initialization that requires access to UI components.

When to Use Each

Use the constructor for initialization that:

• Does not require access to UI elements.
• Can be performed independently of the FXML view.

Use the initialize method for initialization that:

• Requires access to @FXML fields (UI elements).
• Performs post-processing or other tasks that should happen after the view has been fully loaded.

Conclusion

Both the constructor and the initialize method play distinct roles in initializing JavaFX FXML controllers. The constructor handles initialization that is independent of the FXML view, while the initialize method focuses on post-processing and operations that require access to UI elements. Understanding these differences will help ensure proper controller initialization and prevent unexpected behavior in JavaFX applications.

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