Why Does \'./program_name\' Result in a \'Permission Denied\' Error, and How Can I Fix It?

Permission Denied: Troubleshooting "bash: ./program_name Permission Denied"

When executing a program using the "./program_name" command results in the error "bash: ./program_name: permission denied," it indicates that the system lacks the necessary permissions to run the file. Here's how to resolve this issue:

Adjust File Permissions

Run the following command in the terminal:

chmod u+x program_name

This will add execute permissions for the current user (u) to the program file. Ensure to replace "program_name" with the actual program's file name.

Check File Location

If the chmod command doesn't resolve the issue, consider the file's location. If you copied the program from a USB device or mounted an external volume, the execute permissions may have been lost during the transfer process.

To rule out this possibility:

1. Copy the program from the USB device or external volume to a native volume on the system.
2. Run "chmod u x program_name" on the local copy.
3. Attempt to execute the local copy.

Security Controls

Unix-like systems may have security controls that prevent the execution of programs unless specifically allowed. In some cases, the fstab file might specify a "noexec" option for a particular volume, denying execute permissions for files stored on that volume.

To address this issue:

1. Remount the volume with options that allow execution.
2. Alternatively, you can copy the program to a local volume, which may be a simpler and faster solution.

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