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How Does Slicing Affect Polymorphic Behavior in C ?

Barbara Streisand
Release: 2024-12-04 02:14:14
Original
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How Does Slicing Affect Polymorphic Behavior in C  ?

Understanding Polymorphism and Slicing in C

Polymorphism, a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common type. However, in C , this concept can be accompanied by an unintended phenomenon known as slicing.

The given code snippet demonstrates an example of polymorphism and slicing:

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#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

 

class Animal {

public:

    virtual void makeSound() { cout << "rawr" << endl; }

};

 

class Dog : public Animal {

public:

    virtual void makeSound() { cout << "bark" << endl; }

};

 

int main() {

    Animal animal;

    animal.makeSound();

 

    Dog dog;

    dog.makeSound();

 

    Animal badDog = Dog();

    badDog.makeSound();

 

    Animal* goodDog = new Dog();

    goodDog->makeSound();

}

Copy after login

When executed, this code surprisingly outputs "rawr", "bark", "rawr", and "bark". This is because of slicing. When "badDog" is initialized with a "Dog" object, only the "Animal" part of the "Dog" object is copied to "badDog." Therefore, "badDog" remains an "Animal" and cannot access the "Dog" behavior.

In C , unlike languages such as Java or C# where value-based copying initializes references, value semantics apply. Copying a class object creates a separate copy of the object with its own allocated memory, leading to slicing. To achieve polymorphic behavior, pointers or references should be employed in C instead of directly assigning one type of object to another.

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