How Does Partial Ordering Determine the Most Specialized Template in Template Deduction?

Partial Ordering Procedure in Template Deduction

In template deduction, a partial ordering is established between template functions or class template specializations to determine their relative specificity. This procedure involves creating a transformed function type for each template and comparing them to determine which is more specialized.

Steps:

1. For each template, create a transformed function type by substituting unique types for its type parameters.
2. Use the transformed function type of one template as the argument template and the original function type of the other as the parameter template.
3. Repeat step 2, switching the roles of the templates.

Conclusion:

The template with the transformed function type that can be matched against the original function type of the other template is considered more specialized. This procedure is also used to compare partial specializations of class templates by converting them into function templates and applying the same ordering rules. The resulting partial ordering helps in selecting the most specialized template for a given set of arguments.

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