Node.js `require` vs. ES6 `import/export`: Which Module System Should You Choose?

Weighing the Merits of Node.js require vs. ES6 import/export

In the realm of JavaScript module systems, the choice between Node.js's require/module.exports and ES6's import/export presents developers with a decision. To shed light on this matter, let's delve into the nuances of both approaches.

Performance Implications

Historically, ES6 modules were converted to CommonJS syntax using Babel, obscuring potential performance differences. However, Node.js v12 introduced native support for ES modules. While newer features may not be as thoroughly optimized as established ones, module files are evaluated only once, relegating performance concerns to secondary importance.

Functionality Differences

A distinguishing feature of ES modules is dynamic module loading via the import() function. This contrasts with the synchronous require() behavior, returning a promise rather than the module itself.

Future Considerations

As ES6 modules are an integral part of the JavaScript standard, their use is generally recommended. They may offer greater compatibility and flexibility as JavaScript evolves.

Conclusion

The choice between Node.js require and ES6 import/export is influenced by the aforementioned considerations. While performance differences are negligible, the dynamic loading capabilities and standardization of ES modules make them a compelling option for future-proof code. However, it is crucial to weigh the specific requirements and constraints of each project before making a conclusive decision.

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