ElementNotInteractableException: Element is Not Reachable by Keyboard

In the context of web automation, the error "Element is not reachable by keyboard" indicates a situation where an automated interaction (such as sending text or clicking) cannot be performed on a specific element. This error can occur due to various reasons, including:

Causes

• Hidden or Blocked - The element may be hidden or obstructed by another element, either temporarily (e.g., a modal overlay) or permanently (e.g., a display: none attribute).
• ReadOnly - Some elements, such as headings (

  tags) and labels ( tags), are designed to be display-only and not intended to receive keyboard input.

• Dynamic Elements - Certain web frameworks (e.g., React) may dynamically create and modify elements, leading to potential issues with targeting specific elements.

Solutions

Depending on the root cause, there are several approaches to resolve this error:

• If Hidden/Blocked

  • Use explicit WebDriverWait and ExpectedConditions for the element to be visible/clickable.
  • Use JavaScriptExecutor to manipulate the element's display style (e.g., setting 'display: block').

• If ReadOnly

  • Avoid attempting to enter text or click such elements.
  • Instead, focus on other interactive elements within the page or form.

• If Dynamic Elements

  • Employ robust locator strategies to identify elements reliably, even if their attributes or identifiers change frequently.
  • Consider using XPath expressions with dynamic attribute selectors or CSS selectors that combine multiple attributes for specific element identification.

Firefox-Specific Solution

In Firefox versions 58 and later, a capability called "moz:webdriverClick" has been introduced to control interactability checks. Setting this capability to 'false' can temporarily disable certain interactability checks, allowing for potentially inaccurate clicks or text input on elements.

Code Example

Here's an example demonstrating how to resolve the issue in Selenium WebDriver for Java using WebDriverWait and ExpectedConditions:

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.facebook.com");

// Wait until the first name field is visible and clickable
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
WebElement firstNameField = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("u_0_b")));

// Send text to the first name field.
firstNameField.sendKeys("testing it ");

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