How to Reliably Wait for Element Visibility in WebDriver Before Clicking?

WebDriver: Waiting for Element Presence

Question: How can I reliably wait for an element to become visible before clicking it? Implicit waits alone seem inconsistent.

To address this, implicit waits can be used. However, a more reliable solution is:

for (int second = 0;; second++) {
    Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
    if (second >= 10)
        fail("timeout : " + vName);
    try {
        if (driver.findElement(By.id(prop.getProperty(vName))).isDisplayed())
            break;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        writeToExcel("data.xls", e.toString(), parameters.currentTestRow, 46);
    }
}
driver.findElement(By.id(prop.getProperty(vName))).click();

This code waits until the element is visible or a timeout value is reached. However, it requires the user to define the wait time, which can be inconvenient.

Answer: Utilize WebDriver's explicit wait capabilities to ensure dependable waits for element presence.

The following code demonstrates the recommended approach:

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, timeoutInSeconds);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id<locator>));

Alternatively, you can use:

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id<locator>));

These methods provide fine-grained control over wait conditions, eliminating the need for custom sleep logic.

Additional Resources:

• [ExpectedConditions](https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/javadoc/3.141.59/org/openqa/selenium/support/ui/ExpectedConditions.html)
• [WebDriverWait](https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/javadoc/3.141.59/org/openqa/selenium/support/ui/WebDriverWait.html)

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