What\'s the Best Way to Escape Strings When Creating JSON Manually?

Escaping Strings in JSON Effectively

When manually crafting JSON data, it's crucial to escape string fields properly. Various methods exist for this task, raising the question of the most suitable approach.

Avoiding Common Escaping Problems

Escaping techniques can vary depending on your programming language and toolkit. For instance, Apache Commons Lang offers methods like StringEscapeUtilities.escapeHtml and StringEscapeUtilities.escapeXml, but these may not be ideal for JSON specifically. They might overlook certain characters that require escaping, leading to malformed JSON data if enclosed in quotation marks.

Finding a JSON-Specific Solution

The optimal solution is to leverage a specialized JSON library in your language. These libraries handle the intricacies of escaping, ensuring that string fields are properly encoded according to the JSON specification.

Understanding JSON Escaping Rules

If using a JSON library is not an option, it's essential to adhere to the rules outlined in the JSON RFC. These rules stipulate that the characters , ", and control codes must be escaped using the uXXXX UTF-16 code unit format. Shortcuts like are also acceptable.

Comprehensive Reference for JSON Escaping

For a detailed breakdown of JSON escaping, including considerations for Unicode characters outside the BMP, refer to the JSON RFC. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your manually crafted JSON data is well-formed and effectively escaped for accurate interpretation.

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